The Evolution of Graphic Design Software: History, Major Applications, Versions, Companies and File Formats

3. Major Graphic Design Software: Names, Companies and Release Years

Several applications have played particularly important roles in the development of the graphic design industry. Some became industry standards, some developed strong specialist communities, and others eventually disappeared or were replaced by newer products.

3.1 Important Graphic Design Software Timeline

The following table lists notable applications, their original developers or companies, approximate initial release years and their primary purposes. The year refers to the initial public or commercial release, not the latest version.

Software	Original Company / Developer	First Release	Primary Purpose
MacPaint	Apple Computer	1984	Bitmap drawing
MacDraw	Apple Computer	1984	Vector drawing
Aldus PageMaker	Aldus Corporation	1985	Desktop publishing
Adobe Illustrator	Adobe Systems	1987	Vector graphics
QuarkXPress	Quark, Inc.	1987	Page layout and publishing
FreeHand	Altsys Corporation	1988	Vector illustration
CorelDRAW	Corel Corporation	1989	Vector graphics and layout
Adobe Photoshop	Adobe Systems	1990	Raster image editing
Microsoft Publisher	Microsoft	1991	Desktop publishing
PaintShop Pro	Jasc Software	1990	Photo editing and raster graphics
Adobe InDesign	Adobe Systems	1999	Page layout and publishing
GIMP	Open-source development community	1996	Raster image editing
Inkscape	Open-source development community	2003	Vector graphics
Scribus	Open-source development community	2003	Desktop publishing
Sketch	Bohemian Coding	2010	Interface and vector design
Canva	Canva Pty Ltd	2013	Online graphic design
Affinity Designer	Serif	2014	Vector and graphic design
Figma	Figma, Inc.	2015–2016	Interface design and collaboration

Historical note: Release years can differ between initial development, beta availability, commercial release and general public launch. For example, Figma was announced in 2015 and launched publicly in 2016. Similarly, Adobe Illustrator was conceived in 1986 and released publicly in 1987.

4. Detailed History of the Most Influential Graphic Design Applications

4.1 Aldus PageMaker – The Beginning of Desktop Publishing

Developer: Aldus Corporation

Initial release: 1985

Platform: Initially Apple Macintosh, followed by IBM PC and Windows environments.

Software category: Desktop Publishing (DTP)

Aldus PageMaker was one of the most influential applications in the history of computer-based publishing. Developed by Paul Brainerd and his team at Aldus Corporation, it enabled users to arrange text, images and other page elements on a computer screen.

Before PageMaker, preparing professional publications generally involved specialized typesetting equipment and manual page-layout processes. PageMaker made it possible for businesses, designers and publishers to prepare many types of documents using personal computers.

It became particularly important in the production of:

• Newspapers and magazines.
• Books and newsletters.
• Business brochures.
• Advertisements and catalogues.
• Company reports and other printed publications.

Why was PageMaker successful?

• It made professional page layout more accessible.
• It worked with the Macintosh and Apple's LaserWriter printing environment.
• It benefited from PostScript printing technology.
• It reduced the need for several traditional manual publishing processes.

What happened to PageMaker?

Adobe acquired Aldus Corporation in 1994. PageMaker continued to receive updates, but it gradually lost ground to more capable publishing applications, particularly QuarkXPress and later Adobe InDesign.

Adobe discontinued PageMaker after version 7.0, and InDesign became its successor in Adobe's professional publishing product line.

Historical importance: PageMaker helped establish desktop publishing as a practical commercial activity and changed how businesses and publishing professionals produced printed documents.

4.2 Adobe Illustrator – The Evolution of Vector Graphics

Developer: Adobe Systems, now Adobe Inc.

Initial public release: 1987

Initial platform: Apple Macintosh

Software category: Vector graphics and illustration

Adobe Illustrator was introduced as a professional vector illustration application. Its development was closely associated with Adobe's PostScript technology.

Unlike ordinary bitmap graphics, vector artwork is based on mathematical paths, points, curves and shapes. This allows designs to be resized without the pixelation normally associated with raster images.

Illustrator became particularly useful for:

• Logo design and corporate identity.
• Icons and illustrations.
• Typography and lettering.
• Packaging and labels.
• Brochures and advertisements.
• Infographics and technical illustrations.

Important version milestones:

Version	Year	Historical significance
Illustrator 1.1	1987	First public release for Macintosh.
Illustrator 88	1988	Expanded colour and illustration capabilities.
Illustrator 3.0	1990	Continued development of professional illustration tools.
Illustrator 7.0	1997	Important milestone in parallel Mac and Windows development.
Illustrator CS	2003	Became part of Adobe Creative Suite.
Illustrator CC	2013	Moved into the Creative Cloud subscription generation.

Why did Illustrator become successful?

• Professional vector drawing capabilities.
• Scalable artwork suitable for printing at different sizes.
• Integration with Photoshop and InDesign.
• Strong support for professional printing workflows.
• Continuous improvements in typography, colour management and illustration tools.

Its native file extension is .ai. Other commonly used formats include SVG, EPS and PDF.

Official information: Adobe Illustrator.

4.3 QuarkXPress – A Major Force in Professional Publishing

Developer: Quark, Inc.

Initial release: 1987

Software category: Desktop publishing and page layout

QuarkXPress became one of the most important applications in professional publishing during the late 1980s and 1990s.

Although PageMaker helped establish desktop publishing, QuarkXPress gained a strong position among professional publishers because of its layout precision, typography, colour handling and production capabilities.

It was widely used for:

• Newspapers and magazines.
• Books and catalogues.
• Commercial advertising.
• Professional printing layouts.
• Multi-page corporate publications.

Why was QuarkXPress successful?

• Advanced page-layout control.
• Professional typography and colour management.
• Strong publishing and printing workflows.
• Adoption by major publishing and prepress organizations.

Why did its dominance decline?

Adobe InDesign entered the market with a strong combination of typography, layout capabilities and integration with other Adobe applications. This provided an attractive alternative for publishers already using Photoshop and Illustrator.

QuarkXPress did not disappear. It continued to develop and remains a commercial publishing application. Its history demonstrates that losing market dominance does not necessarily mean that a software product has failed or been discontinued.

Its traditional native document extension is .qxd, while later QuarkXPress projects commonly use .qxp.

Official website: QuarkXPress.

4.4 FreeHand – A Successful Vector Application That Disappeared

Original developer: Altsys Corporation

Initial release: 1988

Later owner and developer: Aldus and Macromedia

Software category: Vector illustration

FreeHand was a popular vector graphics application used by professional illustrators and graphic designers.

It offered tools for drawing paths, creating illustrations, editing text and preparing vector artwork for commercial printing.

Its development passed through several companies:

• Altsys originally developed FreeHand.
• Aldus licensed and marketed the early versions.
• Macromedia later developed and marketed the application.
• Adobe acquired Macromedia in 2005.

Some important versions included FreeHand 1.0, 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0 and FreeHand MX.

Why was FreeHand successful?

• Flexible vector illustration tools.
• Professional print-production capabilities.
• Support for both Macintosh and Windows users.
• A loyal community of experienced designers.

Why was FreeHand discontinued?

FreeHand competed directly with Adobe Illustrator. After Adobe acquired Macromedia, Adobe decided to concentrate its vector graphics development on Illustrator rather than maintain two competing professional illustration products.

FreeHand development was discontinued. Its disappearance illustrates how corporate acquisitions and overlapping product strategies can affect the future of established software.

Its native file extension was commonly .fh, with version-specific extensions also used.

4.5 CorelDRAW – A Major Graphics Application for Windows

Developer: Corel Corporation

Initial release: 1989

Initial platform: Windows

Software category: Vector graphics, illustration and layout

CorelDRAW was introduced in 1989 and became one of the most recognizable graphics applications for Windows-based computers.

It helped make professional vector graphics more accessible to designers working on personal computers.

One of its important strengths was the ability to combine vector illustration, text handling and page-layout features within a graphics-oriented workflow.

CorelDRAW became widely used in many industries, including:

• Printing and commercial advertising.
• Signboard and banner production.
• Logo and visiting-card design.
• Vinyl cutting and plotter-based work.
• Packaging and label design.
• Screen printing and promotional materials.
• Embroidery and related production workflows.

Important version milestones:

Version	Year	Development milestone
CorelDRAW 1.0	1989	Original Windows graphics application.
CorelDRAW 2	1991	Expanded drawing and object-manipulation capabilities.
CorelDRAW 3	1992	Introduced a graphics suite with PHOTO-PAINT.
CorelDRAW 4	1993	Introduced multi-page document capabilities.
CorelDRAW 9	1999	Continued expansion of professional graphics functionality.
CorelDRAW X3	2006	Expanded illustration and photo-editing tools.
CorelDRAW X7	2014	Introduced improvements to workspace and customization.
CorelDRAW Graphics Suite 2020	2020	Continued development of professional graphics workflows.

Why did CorelDRAW become successful?

• Strong Windows compatibility and early availability.
• Flexible vector drawing and editing tools.
• Useful page-layout and text-handling capabilities.
• Compatibility with many printing and production workflows.
• Strong adoption among commercial printers, sign makers and small design businesses.

CorelDRAW remains an important commercial design application. Its native format is .cdr.

Official information: CorelDRAW Graphics Suite.

4.6 Adobe Photoshop – The Revolution in Digital Image Editing

Original developers: Thomas Knoll and John Knoll

Commercial publisher: Adobe Systems

Initial commercial release: 1990

Initial platform: Macintosh

Software category: Raster image editing and digital imaging

Adobe Photoshop is one of the most influential applications in the history of digital graphics.

It began as an image-processing program developed by Thomas Knoll, initially called Display. His brother John Knoll helped develop the application further. Adobe licensed the software and released Photoshop 1.0 in 1990.

Photoshop transformed the way photographers, designers, advertising professionals and digital artists worked with images.

Its capabilities include:

• Photo retouching and restoration.
• Image manipulation and compositing.
• Colour correction and adjustment.
• Digital painting.
• Layer-based editing.
• Masking and selection.
• Advertising and promotional artwork.
• Digital illustrations and visual effects.

Important Photoshop versions and milestones:

Version	Year	Important development
Photoshop 1.0	1990	First commercial release for Macintosh.
Photoshop 2.0	1991	Introduced additional professional image-editing capabilities.
Photoshop 3.0	1994	Introduced layers, a major change in editing workflows.
Photoshop 4.0	1996	Introduced adjustment layers and other improvements.
Photoshop 5.0	1998	Improved colour management and editing history.
Photoshop 7.0	2002	Introduced the Healing Brush.
Photoshop CS	2003	First Creative Suite generation.
Photoshop CS2	2005	Introduced Smart Objects and additional advanced tools.
Photoshop CS6	2012	Major interface and performance improvements.
Photoshop CC	2013	Introduced the Creative Cloud generation.
Photoshop 2020	2019	Expanded selection, object and AI-assisted tools.
Photoshop 2025	2024	Continued development of generative and AI-assisted features.

Why did Photoshop become so successful?

• Powerful image manipulation and retouching tools.
• Layer-based editing that made complex projects easier to manage.
• Compatibility with a wide range of image formats.
• Integration with Illustrator, InDesign and other Adobe applications.
• Continuous development and strong professional adoption.
• Wide availability of tutorials, plugins, educational material and trained professionals.

Photoshop's native file format is .psd. Large projects can also use the .psb format.

Official information: Adobe Photoshop.

4.7 Adobe InDesign – The Successor to Traditional Desktop Publishing Tools

Developer: Adobe Systems

Initial release: 1999

Software category: Desktop publishing and page layout

Adobe InDesign was developed to provide a modern professional publishing environment. It entered a market already served by PageMaker and QuarkXPress.

InDesign became particularly popular in publishing organizations that required accurate typography, multi-page layouts and integration with other Adobe applications.

Its major applications include:

• Books and magazines.
• Newspapers and newsletters.
• Brochures and catalogues.
• Annual reports.
• Corporate publications.
• Print-ready documents and digital publications.

Important version milestones:

Version	Year	Significance
InDesign 1.0	1999	Original commercial release.
InDesign 2.0	2002	Expanded publishing capabilities.
InDesign CS	2003	Joined Adobe Creative Suite.
InDesign CS3	2007	Continued integration with Creative Suite applications.
InDesign CS6	2012	Introduced improved digital publishing workflows.
InDesign CC	2013	Moved to the Creative Cloud generation.

Why did InDesign succeed?

• Professional multi-page layout capabilities.
• Advanced typography and paragraph styling.
• Integration with Photoshop and Illustrator.
• Efficient handling of long documents.
• Support for professional print and digital publishing.

Its native document extension is .indd. InDesign interchange documents use .idml, which can help transfer editable document structures between compatible versions.

Official information: Adobe InDesign.

4.8 GIMP – The Growth of Free and Open-Source Image Editing

Original developers: Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis

Initial public release: 1996

Software category: Raster image editing

GIMP stands for GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is a free and open-source image editing application developed by a community of contributors.

GIMP provided users with access to powerful image-editing capabilities without requiring a commercial Photoshop licence.

Its uses include:

• Photo retouching.
• Image composition.
• Digital painting.
• Graphic creation.
• Image conversion and processing.

GIMP 0.54 was publicly released in 1996, and GIMP 1.0 followed in 1998.

Why did GIMP become successful?

• Free availability.
• Open-source development.
• Support from a worldwide contributor community.
• Cross-platform availability.
• Useful image editing capabilities for individuals and organizations.

GIMP's native working format is .xcf, which preserves editable project information such as layers.

GIMP is not simply an abandoned free alternative. It continues as an independently developed open-source project.

Official website: GIMP.

4.9 Sketch – A New Generation of Interface Design Tools

Developer: Bohemian Coding

Initial release: 2010

Software category: Vector and user-interface design

Sketch was developed to address the growing need for specialized tools for designing websites, applications and digital interfaces.

Before specialized interface-design applications became common, many designers used general-purpose vector applications and other graphics software to prepare website and application layouts.

Sketch offered a focused environment for interface designers, with reusable symbols, artboards, vector tools and an ecosystem of extensions.

It became an influential application in the development of modern UI and UX design workflows.

Why did Sketch succeed?

• Focused interface-design features.
• Efficient vector-based workflows.
• Reusable design components.
• Support for plugins and extensions.
• Adoption by digital product design teams.

Its success also helped establish a market for dedicated interface-design applications rather than using traditional print-oriented graphics programs for every task.

Sketch's principal editable document format is .sketch.

Official website: Sketch.

4.10 Canva – Making Graphic Design Accessible to Everyone

Founders: Melanie Perkins, Cliff Obrecht and Cameron Adams

Company: Canva Pty Ltd

Initial public launch: 2013

Software category: Online graphic design and visual communication

Canva changed the accessibility of graphic design by providing an easy-to-use online design platform.

Traditional professional graphics applications often require substantial training. Canva introduced a template-based workflow in which users can select layouts, replace text, add images, adjust colours and export finished designs.

Its common applications include:

• Social media graphics.
• Presentations.
• Posters and flyers.
• Business cards.
• Marketing advertisements.
• Documents and reports.
• Simple videos and promotional content.

Why did Canva become successful?

• Simple drag-and-drop interface.
• Large collection of ready-made templates.
• Browser-based access.
• Free and paid service options.
• Easy collaboration and sharing.
• Accessibility for users without extensive design training.

Canva's success did not come from replacing every professional design application. Rather, it expanded the number of people and businesses able to create visual content independently.

Canva also acquired Affinity in March 2024, expanding its presence in professional creative software.

Official information: About Canva.

4.11 Affinity Designer – An Alternative Professional Vector Application

Original developer: Serif

Initial release: 2014

Software category: Vector illustration and graphic design

Affinity Designer entered the market as an alternative to established vector applications such as Adobe Illustrator and CorelDRAW.

It focused on professional vector drawing, illustration, typography and graphic design workflows, with an emphasis on performance and a different software licensing approach.

Its popularity grew among designers looking for another professional design environment.

In March 2024, Canva announced the acquisition of Affinity. This was an important development in the competition between traditional creative software companies and newer design platforms.

Affinity's history demonstrates that the professional graphics market continues to attract new competitors, even when established applications have been available for decades.

Official announcement: Canva's acquisition of Affinity.

4.12 Figma – Collaborative Design in the Browser

Founders: Dylan Field and Evan Wallace

Company: Figma, Inc.

Development began: 2012

Public launch: 2015, with public availability and growth in 2016

Software category: Interface design, prototyping and collaboration

Figma introduced a new approach to digital product design by making collaborative design available through a web browser.

Traditional desktop design applications often relied on locally stored files. Teams needed to exchange project files, manage versions and communicate changes separately.

Figma helped address these challenges through shared documents, real-time collaboration, comments, reusable components and interactive prototyping.

It is especially useful for:

• Website and mobile application interfaces.
• UI and UX design.
• Interactive prototypes.
• Design systems.
• Collaborative product development.
• Developer handoff and design specifications.

Why did Figma become successful?

• Browser-based accessibility.
• Real-time multiplayer editing.
• Easy sharing and feedback.
• Cross-functional collaboration.
• Reusable components and design systems.
• Integration with modern product development workflows.

Figma's native cloud documents and its export and developer-handoff capabilities distinguish its workflow from traditional desktop illustration applications.

Official website: Figma.

5. Software Companies and Important Acquisitions

The history of graphic design software is also a history of business competition, company mergers and acquisitions. Some applications changed ownership several times, while others were discontinued after their developers were acquired.

Company	Important products	Historical development
Adobe	Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, Acrobat	Founded in 1982; acquired Aldus in 1994 and Macromedia in 2005.
Corel	CorelDRAW, PaintShop Pro, PHOTO-PAINT	Founded in 1985; introduced CorelDRAW in 1989.
Aldus	PageMaker, FreeHand	Acquired by Adobe in 1994.
Quark	QuarkXPress	Established a major position in professional desktop publishing.
Macromedia	FreeHand, Fireworks, Flash	Acquired by Adobe in 2005.
Serif	Affinity Designer, Affinity Photo, Affinity Publisher	Affinity software acquired by Canva in 2024.
Canva	Canva	Launched in 2013 and expanded into professional creative software.
Figma	Figma	Established a major position in collaborative interface design.

5.1 Adobe and the Aldus Acquisition

Adobe acquired Aldus in 1994. The acquisition brought PageMaker and other publishing-related products into Adobe's portfolio. PageMaker eventually gave way to InDesign as Adobe's primary professional page-layout application.

5.2 Adobe and the Macromedia Acquisition

In 2005, Adobe acquired Macromedia. The acquisition brought several important products, including FreeHand, Flash and Dreamweaver, into Adobe's portfolio.

Adobe subsequently discontinued certain overlapping products and concentrated development around its own product families. FreeHand is a notable example.

5.3 Canva and the Affinity Acquisition

Canva announced its acquisition of Affinity in March 2024. The development was significant because it brought an established professional creative software portfolio into a company that had originally become known for accessible online design.

6. Why Some Graphic Design Software Became Successful

Not every successful application became successful for the same reason. Some introduced new technology, others simplified existing workflows, and some benefited from strong industry adoption.

6.1 Solving a Real Industry Problem

PageMaker succeeded because it made desktop publishing practical. Photoshop succeeded because it provided powerful digital image-editing tools. Figma addressed the growing need for collaborative digital product design.

6.2 Ease of Use and Productivity

Applications that reduce the time required to complete common design tasks can attract a large user base. Canva is an example of a platform that made many routine design activities easier for non-specialists.

6.3 Professional Features

Professional designers need accurate colour management, advanced typography, reliable file handling, precise drawing tools and predictable output. Applications that support these requirements can become important in commercial workflows.

6.4 Compatibility and Industry Standards

Design applications become more useful when they work with commonly accepted file formats, printing equipment, operating systems and other creative tools.

6.5 Continuous Development

Software companies must respond to changes in hardware, operating systems, user expectations and industry requirements. Applications that fail to evolve may lose users to more capable alternatives.

6.6 Training and Professional Ecosystems

Educational resources, tutorials, plugins, compatible hardware and the availability of trained professionals can influence software adoption. Once an application becomes part of a company's established workflow, replacing it can be expensive and disruptive.

7. Why Some Graphic Design Software Failed or Lost Popularity

Not every application that was once popular remains successful. Some products were discontinued, some lost their market share, and others continue to operate but no longer dominate their original categories.

There is no single explanation for every product's decline. The following factors help explain common patterns in the software industry.

7.1 Stronger Competition

FreeHand faced competition from Adobe Illustrator. PageMaker faced competition from QuarkXPress and later InDesign.

When competing products offer better workflows, wider compatibility or more attractive integration, users may gradually migrate to them.

7.2 Failure to Adapt to Changing Technology

The growth of the internet, digital media and collaborative workflows changed what designers expected from software. Applications focused mainly on older production methods could lose relevance if they failed to address these changes.

7.3 Company Acquisition and Product Consolidation

Sometimes an application does not disappear because its technology is unsuccessful. It may be discontinued because its new owner already has a competing product.

FreeHand is a prominent example of a product discontinued after a corporate acquisition and product-line consolidation.

7.4 Expensive Licensing or Unattractive Business Models

Pricing and licensing can influence software adoption. Subscription-based services, perpetual licences, free alternatives and enterprise agreements appeal to different users.

A licensing model that does not match customer expectations may encourage users to investigate alternatives.

7.5 Platform Limitations

Some applications were strongly associated with a particular operating system or hardware platform. Changes in operating systems, processor architectures and hardware support can create difficulties for older software.

7.6 Loss of Developer Support

When development stops, applications may become incompatible with modern operating systems, file systems, printers or hardware. This makes continued use increasingly difficult.

7.7 A Change in User Requirements

Traditional print applications and modern interface-design platforms solve different problems. Software designed primarily for printed pages may not be the most efficient choice for teams creating websites and mobile applications.

The lesson is that software success depends not only on the quality of the application but also on how well it adapts to the needs of its users.

8. Main Types of Graphic Design Software

Graphic design applications can be divided into different categories according to how they create and process visual information.

8.1 Raster Graphics Software

Raster graphics software works with images made up of individual pixels. Each pixel stores colour information, and the combined pixels create the complete image.

These applications are suitable for photographs, digital painting, image manipulation and detailed visual effects.

Examples:

• Adobe Photoshop.
• GIMP.
• Corel PHOTO-PAINT.
• PaintShop Pro.

Common file formats: PSD, PSB, XCF, TIFF, JPEG, PNG and BMP.

8.2 Vector Graphics Software

Vector graphics applications create artwork using mathematical paths, curves, points and geometric shapes rather than a fixed grid of pixels.

Vector designs can generally be resized without losing their original sharpness.

Examples:

• Adobe Illustrator.
• CorelDRAW.
• Affinity Designer.
• Inkscape.
• FreeHand.

Common file formats: AI, CDR, SVG, EPS, FH and PDF.

8.3 Desktop Publishing Software

Desktop publishing applications are designed for arranging text, images, graphics and other elements into multi-page publications.

They are particularly useful for documents requiring consistent typography, page numbering, columns, master pages and precise print layouts.

Examples:

• Adobe InDesign.
• QuarkXPress.
• Aldus PageMaker.
• Scribus.
• Microsoft Publisher.

Common file formats: INDD, IDML, QXD, QXP, PMD and PDF.

8.4 Digital Interface and UI/UX Design Software

These applications are used to design digital interfaces, including websites, mobile applications and interactive prototypes.

Examples:

• Figma.
• Sketch.
• Adobe XD.
• Penpot.

Common exchange formats and technologies include SVG, PDF, PNG, JPEG and application-specific project formats.

8.5 Online and Template-Based Design Platforms

These platforms provide ready-made layouts, design elements and online editing tools. They are particularly useful for users who need to create visual content quickly without mastering complex professional software.

Examples:

• Canva.
• Adobe Express.
• VistaCreate.

These tools are commonly used for social media posts, presentations, flyers, advertisements and other marketing materials.

9. Understanding Graphic Design File Formats

File formats are an essential part of graphic design. Each application may use its own native project format, while other formats are intended for exchanging, publishing or displaying finished artwork.

Choosing the correct format is important because different formats preserve different amounts of editing information, image quality, transparency, colour information and vector data.

9.1 Native and Editable Design Formats

Extension	Associated software	Primary purpose
.PSD	Adobe Photoshop	Editable layered raster images.
.PSB	Adobe Photoshop	Large Photoshop documents.
.AI	Adobe Illustrator	Editable vector artwork.
.CDR	CorelDRAW	Editable vector graphics and layouts.
.INDD	Adobe InDesign	Editable publishing documents.
.IDML	Adobe InDesign	InDesign interchange documents.
.XCF	GIMP	Editable layered image projects.
.SVG	Multiple vector applications	Scalable vector artwork.
.EPS	Illustrator and other graphics applications	Vector and print graphics exchange.
.QXD / .QXP	QuarkXPress	Publishing documents.
.SKETCH	Sketch	Editable interface and vector design projects.
.PDF	Multiple applications	Document exchange and final publishing.

9.2 Raster Image Formats

Format	Characteristics	Common use
JPEG / JPG	Lossy compressed raster image format.	Photographs and web images.
PNG	Lossless compression with transparency support.	Logos, screenshots and web graphics.
TIFF / TIF	Flexible image format supporting different compression and colour options.	Professional imaging and print workflows.
BMP	Windows bitmap image format.	Basic image storage and compatibility.
GIF	Palette-based format supporting simple animation.	Simple web graphics and animations.
WebP	Modern web image format supporting lossy and lossless compression.	Web graphics and photographs.

9.3 Vector and Publishing Formats

Format	Description	Common use
SVG	Scalable Vector Graphics, an XML-based vector format.	Logos, icons and web illustrations.
EPS	Encapsulated PostScript graphics format.	Traditional professional print exchange.
PDF	Portable Document Format.	Document sharing, proofing and print delivery.
PS	PostScript page description format.	Printing and publishing workflows.
DXF	Drawing Exchange Format.	Technical drawings and CAD exchange.

9.4 Difference Between Editable and Exported Files

An editable project file contains information needed to continue working on a design. This may include layers, text objects, masks, paths, effects and other application-specific elements.

An exported image or document is usually prepared for a particular purpose, such as website display, printing or sharing.

For example:

• A designer may create a logo in Illustrator and save the working project as .ai.
• The same logo can be exported as .svg for websites.
• A .png version may be created for presentations with a transparent background.
• A .pdf version may be supplied for printing or document distribution.

Exporting to another format does not necessarily preserve all editable features of the original project.

10. Raster Graphics vs Vector Graphics

Raster and vector graphics are two fundamental ways of representing digital images.

Feature	Raster Graphics	Vector Graphics
Structure	Pixels	Mathematical paths and shapes
Resizing	Can become pixelated when enlarged.	Generally scales without loss of sharpness.
Best suited for	Photographs and detailed image editing.	Logos, icons and illustrations.
Editing method	Pixel and layer manipulation.	Object, point and path manipulation.
Common formats	PSD, PNG, JPEG, TIFF	AI, CDR, SVG, EPS
Typical applications	Photoshop and GIMP	Illustrator and CorelDRAW

Both types of graphics are important. A professional design project often combines raster photographs with vector logos, illustrations and text.

11. How to Choose the Right Graphic Design Software

The best application depends on the type of work, required features, budget, compatibility and final output.

Requirement	Suitable applications
Photo editing and retouching	Photoshop, GIMP, PaintShop Pro
Logo and vector design	Illustrator, CorelDRAW, Affinity Designer, Inkscape
Books and magazines	InDesign, QuarkXPress, Scribus
Visiting cards and print layouts	CorelDRAW, Illustrator, InDesign
Social media graphics	Canva, Photoshop, Adobe Express
Website and application interfaces	Figma, Sketch
Free image editing	GIMP
Free vector illustration	Inkscape
Professional publishing	InDesign, QuarkXPress

Before selecting an application, consider:

1. Purpose: Identify whether the work involves photography, illustration, printing, publishing or digital interface design.
2. Compatibility: Check operating-system requirements and compatibility with existing files.
3. Budget: Compare free applications, perpetual licences and subscription options.
4. File exchange: Confirm that the application can import and export the formats required by clients and printers.
5. Learning requirements: Consider available training and the experience of the design team.
6. Long-term support: Check whether the product is actively maintained and supported.

12. The Future of Graphic Design Software

Graphic design software continues to evolve as hardware, internet technology and artificial intelligence improve.

12.1 Artificial Intelligence in Design

AI-assisted features can help designers generate images, remove backgrounds, select objects, expand images and automate repetitive editing tasks.

12.2 Cloud-Based Design

Cloud services make it possible to access projects from different devices, collaborate with teams and share designs without manually transferring every project file.

12.3 Real-Time Collaboration

Modern design platforms increasingly support shared documents, live editing, comments and reusable design systems.

12.4 Cross-Platform Workflows

Designers increasingly work across desktop computers, tablets, browsers and mobile devices. Software companies are developing workflows that make projects accessible across these environments.

12.5 Integration Between Creative Applications

Graphic design is becoming more connected with photography, video editing, animation, web development and digital publishing. Applications that integrate smoothly with other tools can offer more efficient production workflows.

13. Frequently Asked Questions

Which was the first graphic design software?

There is no single universally accepted first graphic design application because early computer graphics programs served different purposes. MacPaint and MacDraw appeared in 1984, while Aldus PageMaker in 1985 helped establish desktop publishing. Dedicated professional illustration and image-editing applications followed during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Which software started the desktop publishing revolution?

Aldus PageMaker was one of the key applications that helped start the desktop publishing revolution. Its combination with the Macintosh, Adobe PostScript and Apple's LaserWriter made computer-based professional page layout practical.

When was Adobe Photoshop first released?

Adobe Photoshop 1.0 was commercially released in February 1990 for Macintosh computers. It was originally developed by Thomas Knoll and John Knoll.

When was CorelDRAW introduced?

CorelDRAW 1.0 was released in 1989. It became a major graphics application for Windows-based designers and commercial printing businesses.

What happened to Aldus PageMaker?

Adobe acquired Aldus Corporation in 1994. PageMaker continued to receive updates, but Adobe eventually discontinued it and positioned InDesign as its successor.

Why was FreeHand discontinued?

Adobe acquired Macromedia in 2005 and subsequently discontinued FreeHand development. Adobe concentrated its vector graphics development on Illustrator.

What is the difference between Photoshop and Illustrator?

Photoshop primarily works with raster images made of pixels, making it suitable for photography and image manipulation. Illustrator primarily works with vector graphics, making it suitable for logos, illustrations and scalable artwork.

What is the difference between CorelDRAW and Photoshop?

CorelDRAW is primarily a vector graphics and layout application, while Photoshop is primarily a raster image editor. Both can be used in graphic design, but they serve different purposes.

Which graphic design software is best for beginners?

Canva is useful for beginners who want to create designs using templates. Beginners interested in professional vector design can explore Inkscape, while those interested in image editing can start with GIMP or other suitable applications.

Which graphic design software is commonly used for printing?

CorelDRAW, Adobe Illustrator and Adobe InDesign are widely used in professional print workflows. The appropriate application depends on whether the job involves vector artwork, image editing or multi-page publishing.

Are AI, CDR and PSD the same type of file?

No. AI is the native vector artwork format associated with Adobe Illustrator, CDR is associated with CorelDRAW, and PSD is the native layered image format associated with Photoshop.

Which file format is best for printing?

Print-ready PDF is commonly used for delivering finished documents. However, the correct export settings depend on the printing process, colour requirements, bleed, image resolution and the printer's specifications.

Is CorelDRAW still used?

Yes. CorelDRAW remains an actively developed graphics application and continues to be used for illustration, sign making, commercial printing, promotional materials and other design work.

14. Key Takeaways

• Graphic design software developed alongside personal computers, digital typography and desktop publishing technology.
• PageMaker helped establish computer-based publishing during the 1980s.
• Illustrator and CorelDRAW became important vector graphics applications.
• Photoshop transformed digital image editing and photography workflows.
• QuarkXPress and InDesign played major roles in professional publishing.
• FreeHand demonstrates how corporate acquisitions and product consolidation can end the development of established software.
• GIMP and Inkscape demonstrate the importance of free and open-source creative applications.
• Canva and Figma represent the growth of accessible online design and collaborative creative workflows.
• AI, cloud computing and automation are influencing the next generation of graphic design applications.
• Understanding native and exchange file formats is essential for professional design and printing work.

15. Official and Historical References

The following sources provide additional historical information and technical documentation about the applications discussed in this article.

1. Computer History Museum – Desktop Publishing: Historical information about PageMaker, Macintosh and the desktop publishing revolution.
2. Computer History Museum – Software Timeline: Historical software milestones.
3. Adobe – Company History: Major milestones in Adobe's development.
4. Adobe – Illustrator History: Information about the first Illustrator release.
5. Adobe – Photoshop History: Historical milestones in Photoshop development.
6. Corel – History of Corel: Historical information about the company and CorelDRAW.
7. Quark – History of QuarkXPress: Historical information about Quark and desktop publishing.
8. GIMP – About and History: Information about the open-source image editor.
9. Canva – Company Timeline: History and development of Canva.
10. Canva – Affinity Acquisition Announcement: Information about the 2024 acquisition.
11. Figma – Product History: Information about Figma's public launch and development.
12. Adobe – Photoshop File Formats: Technical information about PSD, PSB and other image formats.
13. Microsoft Publisher: Product information and support resources.

Historical accuracy note: Release years in this article identify selected historical milestones, not every software update or regional release. Product ownership, availability and development status can change. For current downloads, compatibility, licensing and supported versions, always consult the relevant software company's official website.