Ottoman Sultanate: Era, Founder, and List of All Sultans

📅 09 Feb 2026 📂 General 👁 0 views

The Ottoman Sultanate was a long-lasting Muslim rule that shaped the history of Asia, Europe, and Africa for more than 600 years.
This easy knowledge-base article explains what the Ottoman Sultanate was, who started it, its era, and the names of all Ottoman Sultans—in plain, friendly language for non-technical readers.

What Is the Ottoman Sultanate?

The Ottoman Sultanate was the ruling system of the Ottoman Empire.

It was ruled by Sultans (emperors and leaders)
Based on Islamic law, justice, and administration
Known for strong governance, culture, and tolerance
Lasted from 1299 to 1922

Who Started the Ottoman Sultanate?

The Ottoman Sultanate was founded by:

Osman I (also called Usman Ghazi)
Son of Ertugrul Ghazi
Started as a small border state in Söğüt (Anatolia)

? The state was named “Ottoman” from Osman (Arabic: Usman).

Ottoman Sultanate Era (Time Period)

The Ottoman Sultanate is divided into main phases:

1. Foundation Period (1299–1453)

Small frontier state
Expansion in Anatolia and Balkans

2. Rise & Golden Age (1453–1566)

Capture of Constantinople (Istanbul)
Strong military, law, and economy

3. Stagnation & Decline (1566–1922)

Internal issues and European pressure
Sultanate officially ended in 1922

Names of All Ottoman Sultans (Complete List)

Early & Rise Period

Osman I
Orhan Gazi
Murad I
Bayezid I
Mehmed I
Murad II

Golden Age

Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conqueror)
Bayezid II
Selim I
Suleiman I (Suleiman the Magnificent)

Middle Period

Selim II
Murad III
Mehmed III
Ahmed I
Mustafa I
Osman II
Murad IV
Ibrahim
Mehmed IV

Late Period

Suleiman II
Ahmed II
Mustafa II
Ahmed III
Mahmud I
Osman III
Mustafa III
Abdul Hamid I
Selim III
Mustafa IV
Mahmud II

Final Sultans

Abdulmejid I
Abdulaziz
Murad V
Abdul Hamid II
Mehmed V
Mehmed VI (Last Ottoman Sultan)

Why People Search About the Ottoman Sultanate

People usually look for this topic when they:

Study Islamic or world history
Watch historical dramas
Prepare school projects
Want to understand Muslim governance
Learn about Turkey’s past

Simple Timeline (Step-by-Step)

Osman I forms a small state (1299)
Ottomans expand into Europe
Istanbul is captured (1453)
Empire reaches peak power
Gradual decline begins
Sultanate ends (1922)

Example Explanation (Text-Based)

Think of the Ottoman Sultanate like a family leadership system:

Power passed from father to son
Each Sultan ruled for a different time
Some expanded the empire, others struggled

Common Problems & Easy Fixes

“Ottam” vs “Ottoman”: Correct word is Ottoman
Confusing Sultans: Remember them by era
TV shows vs history: Shows are dramatized

✔ Fix: Read simple summaries and timelines.

Important Notes

Some dates differ slightly by source
Not all Sultans were equally powerful
Respect cultural and religious sensitivity

Best Practices for Learning Ottoman History

Start with Osman I and Suleiman I
Learn by time periods, not all at once
Use maps and timelines
Separate facts from entertainment

Conclusion

The Ottoman Sultanate began with Osman I and ended after Mehmed VI, lasting over six centuries. It played a major role in shaping Islamic civilization, global trade, and modern history. Understanding it helps us see how leadership, law, and values influence nations.

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