Tally Edge is a financial intelligence and data analytics platform designed to help businesses, lenders, and financial institutions derive actionable insights from consent-based fi…
TallyCapital is a digital credit enablement platform that helps eligible businesses discover, apply for, and access working capital and business loans based on their accounting dat…
TallyPrime is widely used for accounting, compliance, and business management. Alongside the standard (normal) TallyPrime edition used for day-to-day operations, there is a special…
TallyPrime Developer is a comprehensive development suite designed to enable TDL (Tally Definition Language) programmers to develop, customize, test, and deploy solutions for Tally…
TallyPrime with WhatsApp is an optional integration that allows businesses to share invoices, orders, reports, and payment requests directly from TallyPrime to customers using What…
Tally Prime Server is an enterprise-grade data server designed to work with TallyPrime in multi-user environments. It provides centralized data hosting, improved performance, contr…
Bharat Connect for Business is a digital payment and invoicing integration available in Tally, designed to help businesses send invoices, collect payments, and manage receivables d…
HP LaserJet Pro MFP M128fw is a monochrome laser all-in-one printer designed for small offices and professional environments requiring reliable printing, scanning, copying, and fax…
HP LaserJet Pro MFP M126fn is a monochrome laser all-in-one printer designed for small offices and home offices. It supports printing, scanning, copying, and faxing with reliable l…
In modern IT support and system administration, having a single, reliable bootable USB that can troubleshoot, repair, recover, and maintain Windows systems is essential. Hardware f…
Users working with Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) on Indian Government portals (CPPP, GeM, eProcure, State eTender portals) may encounter the following Java Web Start error w…
Users accessing Indian Government eProcurement portals (such as CPPP, GeM, eProcure, State eProcurement systems) frequently encounter an issue where a file named signData.inp (or s…
Lenovo ThinkPad laptops are widely regarded as one of the most reliable and durable business laptop series in the world. Known for their legendary keyboards, rugged build quality, …
Databases are among the most critical assets in any IT environment. Microsoft SQL Server hosts transactional and operational data that must be protected against accidental deletion…
Data restoration is a critical part of any backup and disaster recovery strategy. The NoSky Cloud Backup Solution provides flexible and reliable restore mechanisms that allow IT ad…
An Application Compatibility Matrix is a structured table that lists supported operating systems, platforms, applications, databases, and environments that are certified for use wi…
Cloud backup and disaster recovery are essential components of modern IT infrastructure. NoSky is a secure, scalable cloud backup and recovery solution designed to protect business…
1. Introduction to the Stock Market (Share Market)The stock market, also known as the share market, is a regulated marketplace where shares (equity), bonds, derivatives, and other …
An Ultra Short Debt Fund (also known as an Ultra Short Duration Fund) is a category of debt mutual fund designed to invest in fixed-income instruments with very short maturity and …
Email delivery for any domain depends on Mail Exchange (MX) records, a critical DNS configuration that tells the global internet where to deliver incoming email. When you deploy Go…
Administrators using Acronis Cyber Protect Cloud often notice that cloud storage space remains occupied even after backups are deleted. This behavior is intentional and is usually …
Autodesk provides multiple CAD solutions that often create confusion among engineers, IT administrators, and business owners—particularly AutoCAD, Inventor, and Fusion. While these…
The Computer BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is foundational firmware that initializes hardware and starts the operating system when a computer powers on. Although end users rarel…
Paragon Partition Manager Community Edition (PM Express) is a free disk partition management utility designed for personal and home users. It enables safe creation, resizing, forma…
When the C: drive becomes full, Microsoft Outlook may stop receiving or syncing emails. This is a common issue for users configured with IMAP/SMTP email accounts, where Outlook sto…
Some Google Workspace customers unexpectedly see “Google Workspace Base” listed alongside “Google Workspace Starter” in their Admin Console or billing section. This often leads to …
This Knowledge Base article provides a detailed, professional, and technically accurate guide to configure Mailfence email accounts in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird.It …
This Knowledge Base article provides a detailed, technical, and practical guide for configuring GMX (Global Mail eXchange) email accounts in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbi…
This Knowledge Base article provides a detailed, technical, and practical guide for configuring AOL Mail in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird.It is intended for IT administ…
This Knowledge Base article provides a detailed, technical, and practical guide for configuring Mail.com free email accounts in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird.It is desi…
This Knowledge Base article provides a detailed, technical, and practical guide to configure Zoho Mail accounts in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird.It is intended for IT a…
This Knowledge Base article provides a detailed, technical, and practical guide to configure Proton Mail in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird.Unlike traditional email provi…
This Knowledge Base article provides a detailed, technical, and practical guide for configuring iCloud Mail in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird.It is intended for IT admin…
This Knowledge Base article provides a complete, standardized procedure to configure Yahoo free email accounts—across all supported Yahoo domains—in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla T…
This Knowledge Base article provides a complete, technical, and practical guide to configure free Microsoft email accounts such as hotmail.com and outlook.com in desktop email clie…
This Knowledge Base article provides a comprehensive and technical guide to configure GoDaddy email accounts using POP3 or IMAP protocols in Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbi…
In enterprise IT environments, server uptime and vendor-backed support are critical. MA Pack is Lenovo’s standardized way of delivering Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) and extend…
ProcessActivityView is a portable Windows utility from NirSoft that enables IT professionals and system administrators to analyze the file activity of a specific running process. U…
WhatIsHang is a lightweight Windows diagnostic utility developed by NirSoft designed to detect and analyze applications that have stopped responding (i.e., “hung” or frozen) on a s…
WinCrashReport is a lightweight, free utility from NirSoft designed to generate detailed crash reports for Windows applications. When a Windows program crashes and the standard sys…
Symmetrical risk refers to a risk profile in which the potential gain and potential loss are approximately equal in magnitude and probability. This concept is widely used in IT dec…
BlueScreenView is a free, lightweight diagnostic utility developed by NirSoft for Windows systems. It scans and displays detailed information from minidump crash files created when…
Ransomware is one of the most disruptive and financially damaging cyber threats facing individuals, businesses, and governments today. It encrypts or locks access to systems and da…
DDR-5 RAM (Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory) is the current mainstream system memory standard for modern computing platforms. It succeeds DDR-4 by delive…
Server infrastructure is mission-critical for enterprise IT operations, and minimizing downtime is a core responsibility of system administrators and IT managers. Server AMC (Annua…
The Software Exception c0000005 (Memory Access Violation) error in Tally is a critical internal error that typically occurs during GST-related operations, data access, or backgroun…
Users may encounter the error message “This account is not yet eligible to use YouTube” while accessing YouTube using a Google account. Although this error is primarily account-pol…
Zoho Books is a cloud-based accounting and GST-compliant business management software developed by Zoho Corporation Private Limited. It is widely used by startups, small and medium…
CaptainBiz is a GST-focused accounting, invoicing, and compliance software developed by IRIS Business Services Limited. It is designed primarily for small and medium businesses (SM…
Cygnet FACE is an enterprise-grade GST compliance and reconciliation platform developed by Cygnet Infotech Private Limited. FACE (Fully Automated Compliance Engine) is designed to …
uBooks is an Indian cloud-enabled accounting and GST compliance software developed by Adaequare Info Private Limited. It is designed to help small businesses, professionals, and en…
Mozilla Thunderbird is a free, open-source desktop email client designed for managing emails, calendars, contacts, and tasks across multiple accounts. Developed and maintained by t…
To support small taxpayers and MSMEs, the GST Network (GSTN) has empanelled selected Accounting and Billing Software solutions that are made available free of cost to eligible busi…
Indian businesses frequently purchase hosting, cloud, and digital services from overseas providers such as Hostinger. When these services are imported into India and later resold t…
PDF (Portable Document Format) software plays a critical role in modern digital documentation by enabling consistent document viewing, sharing, printing, and archiving across platf…
Microsoft Office has been one of the most influential productivity software suites in computing history. From standalone desktop applications in the 1990s to today’s cloud-connecte…
CAD/CAM software forms the digital backbone of modern engineering, manufacturing, and product development. CAD (Computer-Aided Design) focuses on creating precise digital models, w…
Horoscope software systems are specialized applications designed to calculate, analyze, and present astrological charts and predictions based on astronomical data and established a…
The Intelligent Anti Virus Toolkit (IAVT) is recognized as one of the earliest India-developed antivirus tools, created in the early 1990s by Mr. Nitin Chandra for DOS-based system…
Tape drives are one of the oldest and most enduring data storage technologies in computing history. Despite being introduced decades ago, tape storage remains a critical component …
Magneto-Optical (MO) drives are a class of removable storage devices that combine magnetic and optical technologies to provide durable, rewritable, and highly reliable data storage…
The Compact Disc (CD) is one of the most influential digital storage technologies in computing and media history. Introduced in the late 20th century, the CD transformed how music,…
As organizations move toward 2026, technology strategy is shifting from experimentation to embedded, operational intelligence. Enterprises are no longer asking whether to adopt adv…
Cloud computing has evolved through multiple phases. Cloud 3.0 represents the current stage, where organizations demand flexibility, regulatory control, and security beyond traditi…
Cyber security is the practice of protecting systems, networks, applications, and data from digital attacks. These attacks are no longer limited to simple viruses. Modern threats i…
Smart lights, commonly known as Wi-Fi lights, are network-connected lighting devices that can be controlled remotely using mobile apps, voice assistants, or automation platforms. T…
Data security is a core responsibility of modern Information Technology teams. With increasing cloud adoption, remote work, and regulatory pressure, organizations must protect sens…
Email access methods define how email clients retrieve, synchronize, and store messages from a mail server. The choice of protocol directly affects data availability, security, dev…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not a single technology but a collection of interrelated fields that enable machines to perform tasks requiring human intelligence—such as learning,…
Ethical Hacking is the authorized practice of identifying, testing, and fixing security vulnerabilities in computer systems, networks, applications, and digital infrastructure. Eth…
Keypad mobiles, also known as feature phones, are mobile devices with physical numeric keypads and basic phone functionality. They predate smartphones and remain relevant for speci…
eSIM (Embedded SIM) is a modern replacement for the traditional physical SIM card. Instead of inserting a plastic SIM, the subscriber identity is digitally provisioned into a secur…
Fingerprint locks, also known as biometric door locks, are electronic access-control devices that authenticate users based on fingerprint patterns instead of traditional keys. They…
Selecting the right laptop is a mission-critical decision that affects productivity, user experience, and long-term satisfaction. Different professions and use cases — such as scho…
Robots are transforming how people work, learn, heal and live — from industrial assembly lines to hospital operating rooms, from last-mile delivery to household chores. This articl…
External hard drives remain an essential tool for backup, archival, media libraries and portable data transfer. This article—written for IT teams, procurement, and operations—expla…
Best InkTank & Inkjet Printers for Producing School and Company ID Cards — Secure, Reliable WorkflowsOrganizations that produce staff, student, or visitor ID cards must balan…
Choosing the correct paper for Inkjet and InkTank printers is essential for achieving accurate colors, sharp text, proper ink absorption, and long printhead life. Unlike laser pri…
Selecting the correct paper for laser printers is critical for print quality, hardware longevity, fuser safety, and operational reliability. Unlike inkjet printers, laser printers…
HP Inkjet and InkTank printers are extensively used in Indian homes, schools, and small offices due to their low running cost and color output. Correct ink cartridge or ink bottle…
HP Laser printers are widely used in Indian homes, SMEs, enterprises, and government offices. Correct toner cartridge selection is critical to ensure print quality, device stabili…
Firmware update and recovery errors occur on HP LaserJet and HP All-in-One printers when a firmware upgrade fails or becomes corrupted. In severe cases, the printer may become “br…
Print quality defects such as streaks, ghosting, fading, smearing, or uneven prints are common on HP LaserJet and HP All-in-One printers. These issues directly affect document rea…
Control panel and touchscreen errors occur on HP LaserJet and HP All-in-One printers when the printer’s user interface fails to respond correctly. These issues can prevent local o…
Power Supply Unit (PSU) errors occur on HP LaserJet and HP All-in-One printers when the printer fails to receive, regulate, or distribute stable electrical power. These errors can…
Fax errors on HP All-in-One (MFP) printers occur when the fax subsystem fails to send, receive, or establish a stable analog communication over the telephone line. These issues ar…
Network, IP, and EWS (Embedded Web Server) errors are common on HP LaserJet and HP All-in-One printers connected via LAN or Wi-Fi. These issues typically result in printing failur…
Formatter and DIMM errors are controller-level hardware faults seen on HP LaserJet and HP Enterprise printers. These errors affect the printer’s main logic board (formatter) or it…
ADF (Automatic Document Feeder) paper jam errors occur on HP All-in-One (MFP) printers equipped with an ADF unit for multi-page scanning and copying. When this error occurs, the p…
Scanner calibration and lamp failure errors occur on HP All-in-One (MFP) printers that include flatbed and/or ADF scanning. These errors prevent scan and copy operations and may a…
Supply memory and toner-related errors are common on HP LaserJet and HP All-in-One printers. These errors occur when the printer cannot read, authenticate, or communicate with the…
The 52 Scanner Motor Error is a scanner subsystem fault seen on HP All-in-One (MFP) printers that include flatbed and/or ADF scanning. When this error occurs, copying and scanning…
The 13.xx paper jam error is one of the most frequent operational errors on HP LaserJet and HP All-in-One (AIO) printers. It indicates that paper has failed to move correctly thro…
The 79 Service Error is a firmware crash error commonly reported on HP LaserJet and HP All-in-One (AIO) printers. When this error occurs, the printer may freeze, reboot continuous…
The 50.X error is a hardware-related fuser error found on HP LaserJet printers and HP All-in-One (AIO) printers. When this error occurs, the printer usually stops printing immedia…
The 49.XXXX error is a critical firmware-related error commonly seen on HP LaserJet printers and HP All-in-One (AIO) printers. This error typically causes the printer to freeze, r…
The “Please Select Boot Device” screen is a BIOS-level prompt that appears when a computer cannot automatically locate a valid bootable operating system. This issue is commonly enc…
An Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) is a formal service agreement between an organization and an IT service provider to ensure continuous operational support, preventive maintenan…
Data Backup and Disaster Recovery (DR) are foundational to resilient IT operations, legal compliance, and business continuity. With rising regulatory requirements (e.g., CERT-In lo…
Finance software—specifically Accounting and Payroll systems—is essential for accurate financial management, statutory compliance, reporting, and payroll processing across Indian b…
Private healthcare services—including clinics and diagnostics centers—are core pillars of India’s healthcare delivery system. These establishments offer clinical care, laboratory d…
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) tools such as CRM (Customer Relationship Management), HRMS (Human Resource Management Systems), and Accounting platforms are widely adopted in Indian b…
Commercial and premium real estate in India typically includes: Commercial: office spaces, IT parks, retail malls, warehouses, industrial units, co-working assets Premium: …
Cloud computing (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS) is now a standard way for Indian businesses to run servers, storage, databases, analytics, AI/ML, security tooling, and enterprise applications wit…
B2B software such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and CRM (Customer Relationship Management) is commonly purchased in India as: SaaS subscription (cloud, monthly/annual) …
Loans and credit cards in India are regulated primarily by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). In practice, a safe and compliant borrowing/card experience depends on: Choosing only…
Oracle is a leading provider of enterprise-grade database systems, ERP applications, and cloud platforms. Its solutions are widely deployed in mission-critical environments such as…
Adobe provides industry-standard software solutions for creative professionals, enterprises, and digital marketing teams. Its ecosystem spans content creation, document management,…
Microsoft provides one of the most comprehensive enterprise software ecosystems globally, covering operating systems, productivity tools, cloud infrastructure, databases, ERP/CRM p…
Selling on Amazon India involves multiple fee components such as referral fees, closing fees, shipping charges, fulfillment fees, and GST.An Amazon Seller Fee Calculator helps sell…
India’s e-commerce ecosystem is dominated by three major marketplace platforms: Amazon, Flipkart, and Meesho. While all three operate as marketplace platforms, their business mode…
Amazon Marketplace is a multi-vendor e-commerce platform where third-party sellers list and sell products directly to customers, while Amazon provides the technology, traffic, paym…
In real-world business operations—especially in IT services, AMC contracts, and subscription-based services—it is common to encounter scenarios where an invoice raised earlier must…
Website owners often want to add keywords or tags that are readable by search engines but not visible to users. Historically, this was done using hidden text or <meta keywords&g…
Ubuntu is a widely used Linux-based operating system designed for desktops, servers, cloud platforms, and embedded systems. It is known for stability, security, predictable release…
Apple OS refers collectively to the family of operating systems developed by Apple Inc. for its hardware platforms. These operating systems power Apple desktops, laptops, smartphon…
PageMaker was one of the world’s first desktop publishing (DTP) software applications, playing a foundational role in the print publishing revolution. It enabled users to design pr…
Computer scanners are essential input devices that convert physical documents, photographs, and objects into digital formats. From early drum scanners used in publishing to today’s…
Dial-up modems were the foundation of early computer networking and internet access, enabling digital communication over standard telephone lines. Though largely obsolete today, di…
Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) provides multiple support paths for customers in India, but the exact options you see (chat, email, phone) depend on: Your Workspace edition …
Remote support tools let an IT technician view/control a user’s computer over the internet to troubleshoot issues, install software, transfer files, and provide real-time assistanc…
Busy Infotech develops BUSY Accounting Software, a comprehensive accounting and GST-compliant solution widely used by SMEs, traders, manufacturers, distributors, commission agents,…
Busy Infotech is the developer of BUSY Accounting Software, a widely used business accounting and GST-compliant solution in India. BUSY is commonly deployed by SMEs, traders, manuf…
Tally Solutions provides multiple official support channels for users of Tally Prime, covering technical issues, licensing, compliance, data errors, and functional guidance.This ar…
Sulekha.com is a prominent service discovery and lead-generation platform in India, primarily focused on connecting consumers with local service providers and professionals. Unlike…
Justdial is one of India’s most widely used local search and business discovery platforms, designed to connect consumers with nearby businesses and service providers. It enables us…
ndiaMART is India’s largest Business-to-Business (B2B) online marketplace, designed to connect buyers with suppliers, manufacturers, exporters, and service providers. It enables sm…
Gift cards are prepaid digital or physical vouchers that store a fixed monetary value and can be redeemed for goods or services from a specific platform, brand, or ecosystem. In In…
Network performance issues such as unexpected NIC speed fallback (1 Gbps → 100 Mbps) are common in enterprise and SMB environments. These issues often arise from cabling problems, …
Photo printing is an essential extension of digital imaging workflows—from DSLR and mirrorless cameras to video camera frame captures and action camera stills. The choice of printi…
Printers play a critical role in camera-based workflows, especially for DSLR cameras, mirrorless cameras, video cameras (frame grabs), action cameras, and studio photography system…
Modern cameras—DSLRs, mirrorless cameras, video cameras, cinema cameras, action cameras, PTZ cameras, and industrial imaging systems—are controlled through a combination of physica…
In photography and videography, light modifiers such as umbrellas, softboxes, reflectors, grids, and snoots are essential tools that shape, diffuse, and control light. While light …
Lighting is a core technical component of imaging systems. Regardless of camera quality, poor lighting results in noisy, flat, or unusable images, while correct lighting dramatical…
Tripods and monopods are mechanical stabilization systems designed to support cameras during photography, videography, broadcasting, and industrial imaging. They play a critical ro…
Lens filters are optical accessories mounted in front of camera lenses to control light, protect optics, and modify image characteristics. They are widely used across DSLR cameras,…
Camera lenses are the most critical optical component in any imaging system. Whether used in DSLR cameras, mirrorless cameras, video cameras, cinema cameras, action cameras, or ind…
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) cables are a critical signal transport component for modern DSLR cameras, mirrorless cameras, video cameras, monitors, TVs, capture card…
Power adapters are an essential but often overlooked component of digital cameras, DSLRs, mirrorless cameras, professional video cameras, and studio setups. While batteries provide…
Memory cards are removable flash storage devices used across a wide range of digital equipment such as smartphones, cameras, drones, dashcams, industrial devices, and embedded syst…
Wedding work is a high-pressure, low-light, fast-moving environment: mixed lighting, crowded frames, long hours, and “no second take” moments. The “best” camera depends on your bud…
Short-form vertical videos such as Reels, Shorts, and Short Videos are now a primary communication and marketing format across social media platforms. While the video duration is s…
OneCard Card Token Deletion: Safety, Impact, and Operational GuideCard tokenisation is a security mechanism widely used in modern digital payments to protect sensitive card details…
Google Workspace partners may encounter the following error while accessing the Partner Billing or performing billing-related operations:Error: Cannot perform the operation because…
In multi-user Tally Prime / Tally ERP environments where both Tally License and Data reside on a central server, network performance plays a critical role. A very common yet often …
When exporting accounting or inventory data from TICK Production ERP to Tally Prime, users may encounter the error: “Tally is not running. Error no: 10061” This error typically a…
Modern Windows Server attacks rarely stop at initial access. Once attackers obtain administrator or SYSTEM-level execution, they often attempt to establish persistence by enabling …
In Tally Prime, discount handling directly impacts GST calculation. Incorrect discount configuration or voucher entry often leads to wrong taxable value, incorrect GST amount, GSTR…
Tally data corruption is a critical issue that can disrupt accounting operations, GST compliance, payroll processing, and audits. Corruption may occur due to system crashes, improp…
GSTR-1 is a critical GST return that captures outward supplies (sales) of a registered taxpayer. A GSTR-1 mismatch occurs when the data filed in GSTR-1 does not align with: Book…
GST compliance in India relies heavily on accurate data entry and correct return preparation. Businesses using Tally frequently encounter GST return errors while generating GSTR-1,…
Tally data is critical for any business as it contains accounting records, GST data, inventory, payroll, and compliance information. Data loss due to hardware failure, ransomware, …
Tally is a mission-critical accounting application widely used by businesses for compliance, bookkeeping, and reporting. A common operational disruption occurs when Tally does not …
Office computers store sensitive business data such as customer information, financial records, emails, credentials, and intellectual property. A single compromised system can lead…
Printer issues such as “not printing”, “printer offline”, or jobs stuck in queue are among the most common IT support problems in Windows environments. These issues can occur on Wi…
Blue Screen errors—commonly known as BSOD (Blue Screen of Death)—are critical system failures in Windows 10 and Windows 11. They occur when the operating system encounters a condit…
A sitemap is a critical component of modern website SEO. It provides search engines with a structured list of URLs that should be crawled and indexed. While static sitemap.xml file…
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a technology that converts images of text—such as scanned documents, PDFs, photos, or camera captures—into machine-readable, editable, and se…
The question “Is Windows 12 coming?” has circulated widely among consumers and IT professionals. As of early 2026, Microsoft has not officially confirmed the release of Windows 12,…
CCTV systems range from simple home Wi-Fi cameras to enterprise-grade IP surveillance with AI analytics, centralized recording, and cybersecurity controls. Choosing the right camer…
AI tools are now a broad market of products that use machine learning (ML) and large language models (LLMs) to generate content, automate workflows, analyze data, and assist decisi…
Extended computer use—10 to 12 hours per day on laptops or desktop screens—has become common among IT professionals, accountants, designers, developers, and remote workers. While p…
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely adopted server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development. It is one of the core technologies of the web, used to build…
A common issue in custom Knowledge Base (KB) systems is a mismatch between articles visible in the database and articles displayed on the public KB pages. This typically occurs due…
Hard disk data recovery is the discipline of retrieving inaccessible, lost, corrupted, or deleted data from storage devices when normal access methods fail. As hard disk technologi…
Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) have been the foundation of digital data storage for decades. From room-sized magnetic storage systems to compact multi-terabyte drives used in servers and …
Web cameras (commonly called webcams) are essential audio-visual input devices used for video communication, identity verification, online education, surveillance, and government d…
Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) are a foundational element of secure electronic transactions in India. They are legally recognized tools used to authenticate identity, ensure …
Routers are core networking devices that direct data traffic between networks, most commonly between local networks (LAN) and the internet (WAN). From home broadband to enterprise …
Mobile charging cables are critical components for power delivery, data transfer, device safety, and charging speed. While often treated as simple accessories, charging cables diff…
Network cables are the physical backbone of wired communication systems. They determine data speed, signal quality, reliability, and security in LANs, data centers, offices, and ho…
Mobile phones have evolved from bulky analog communication devices into powerful, multi-purpose computing platforms that are integral to modern life. Understanding the history of m…
A mouse pad is a seemingly simple accessory, yet it plays a critical role in cursor accuracy, comfort, and consistency for both everyday computer use and competitive gaming. Modern…
Headphones are essential audio devices used for communication, media consumption, remote work, learning, and immersive gaming. Modern headphones vary widely in design, driver techn…
Laptops have evolved from basic portable computers into highly specialized devices designed for office productivity, education, creative work, engineering, and high-performance gam…
Computer monitors are the primary visual interface between users and digital systems. Modern monitors incorporate advanced display panel technologies, refresh rates, resolutions, a…
The computer keyboard is a primary input device for text entry, navigation, and command execution. Modern keyboards integrate advanced switch technologies, layouts, connectivity op…
The computer mouse is a fundamental input device used for navigation, selection, and control across operating systems and applications. Modern mice incorporate advanced sensor tech…
Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet application used daily for data entry, calculations, reporting, analysis, and decision-making. While many users rely on mouse-driven actio…
As businesses increasingly move online, choosing and integrating the right payment gateway becomes essential for accepting digital payments securely and efficiently. In India, mult…
Payment gateway settlements often include multiple components such as transaction charges, taxes, refunds, and adjustments. One commonly misunderstood adjustment is the daily platf…
Windows Web Hosting is a web hosting model where websites and web applications run on Microsoft Windows Server using Microsoft’s web and application stack. It is commonly used for …
Web hosting is the service that allows individuals and organizations to publish websites or web applications on the internet. A web host provides the server infrastructure, storage…
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud computing platform that provides on-demand infrastructure, platforms, and managed services over the internet. Instead of buying a…
Organizations using Microsoft 365 Business accounts are subject to increasing regulatory, legal, and internal compliance requirements. These include data protection laws, industry …
Organizations using Google Workspace Business Starter often want to restrict browser-based access to Gmail, Drive, Calendar, and other Workspace web applications, while allowing us…
Quick Heal is one of India’s long-established cybersecurity vendors, widely used in home, SMB, enterprise, and government environments. Its product portfolio has evolved from tradi…
Modern endpoint protection platforms increasingly rely on application allowlisting—a “deny-by-default” approach that blocks execution of unknown or untrusted software to prevent ma…
Businesses in India commonly buy “antivirus,” but modern endpoint security is broader than classic virus scanning. Today’s products may include EPP (Endpoint Protection Platform), …
As IT service providers move from break–fix models and traditional AMCs to subscription-based managed services, the way services are described and billed becomes critical. Incorrec…
A locked Microsoft 365 email account prevents users from accessing Outlook, Teams, OneDrive, and other services. Account lockouts are typically security-driven and must be resolved…
Understanding the validity and renewal status of a Microsoft 365 Business Basic subscription is critical for ensuring uninterrupted email, collaboration, and cloud services. Admini…
Remote Desktop Manager (RDM) provides multiple backup mechanisms to protect connection data, credentials, and configuration settings. Administrators often assume that enabling auto…
A common issue on Windows systems is when Microsoft Excel files do not open by double-clicking, but open successfully when launched from within Excel using File → Open. This behavi…
In some Windows environments, Microsoft OneDrive fails to uninstall using standard methods such as Apps & Features, Control Panel, or command-line tools. This commonly happens …
Linking Aadhaar with PAN is a mandatory compliance requirement in India. Verifying the Aadhaar–PAN link status ensures uninterrupted income tax filing, prevents PAN inoperability, …
Organizations increasingly rely on automation to improve efficiency, reduce errors, and scale operations without proportional increases in cost. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) an…
Quantum technologies represent a new class of computing, communication, and sensing systems that leverage the principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike classical technologies, quantu…
Accidentally deleting important WhatsApp messages is a common issue faced by both personal users and businesses. Whether the deletion was due to a device reset, app reinstallation,…
Smartphone battery life directly impacts productivity, communication, and reliability—especially for users who depend on their phones for work, navigation, payments, and authentica…
Internet security is no longer optional. With increasing use of cloud services, remote access, online banking, and digital communication, systems connected to the internet are cons…
Internet speed testing is a fundamental task in IT operations, network troubleshooting, ISP validation, and end-user support. Accurate speed tests help identify bandwidth bottlenec…
After disabling or uninstalling Hyper-V on Windows, administrators often discover that the folder C:\Program Files\Hyper-V cannot be deleted, even with administrative privileges. …
In server environments, physical access security is as critical as network security. An unlocked Windows Server console can allow unauthorized users to modify configurations, acces…
In some environments, Windows Firewall turns itself back ON automatically even after being manually disabled. This behavior is intentional and driven by Windows security services, …
Tick ERP and many similar accounting or ERP applications rely on Microsoft SQL Server Express as their backend database. A common real-world issue faced in LAN environments is that…
In production server environments—especially accounting, ERP, database, and application servers—unauthorized software installation is one of the leading causes of malware infection…
While managing backups in Acronis Cyber Protect, administrators often notice a status message called “Component Installation” in the Acronis Backup panel. This message can appear d…
Many users—especially gamers, designers, and professionals—often ask whether Windows can be forced to run entirely on an NVIDIA graphics card by default, starting from boot and han…
Many users panic when their 128GB SD card suddenly appears as only 1GB on Windows or data recovery software. This issue is especially common with local or unbranded SD cards and of…
In today’s email ecosystem, intelligent email classification is both a benefit and a challenge. Gmail automatically sorts emails into categories such as Primary, Promotions, Update…
Property registration in Delhi has become largely digitized through the NGDRS (National Generic Document Registration System) portal. One common question faced by families, profess…
DORIS stands for Delhi Online Registration Information System — an official online portal launched by the Government of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi to digitize, s…
Many Windows users encounter a message stating: “Virtual Machine Warning: Microsoft Hyper-V is active. Some results may not reflect real hardware!” This warning often appears whi…
Many Tally users face Error Code 6712 – Internal Error while trying to enable or apply Default TDL Configuration in the Tally Control Center. This error generally appears under Acc…
Laptop hanging, freezing, or overheating is one of the most common problems faced by users today. Symptoms include slow response, sudden shutdowns, loud fan noise, lag during norma…
Choosing the right accounting software is a critical decision for any business. In India, Tally Prime and BUSY Accounting Software are two of the most widely used desktop accountin…
Xbox Error 0x80070057 is a common yet frustrating issue faced by Xbox users while downloading games, updating apps, accessing Xbox Game Pass, or signing in to their Microsoft accou…
If you manage a business domain or corporate email system, you may have received emails from addresses like noreply@dmarc.yahoo.com with attached files ending in .xml.gz. At first …
Configuring Yahoo Mail in Microsoft Outlook is fully supported, but the process is slightly different because Yahoo requires Enhanced Security Login. This means that Outlook cannot…
Detailed Article: What is LMIA in Canada and How to Get It1. Introduction: What Is an LMIA?A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is a document issued by Employment and Social De…
HP Printer Error 49, often displayed as 49.xxxx Service Error, is one of the most common and frustrating issues faced by HP LaserJet and OfficeJet users. This error indicates a fir…
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), also known as 2-Step Verification or Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), is an important security layer in Microsoft 365 (Office 365). However, sit…
When using Tally Prime for GST compliance, you may come across a pop-up message that says: “GST-related details were altered in the masters/Return. Hence, opening the report will …
Digital Signature Certificates (DSCs) are widely used in India for signing GST returns, Income Tax, MCA filings, e-tenders, PF, and government documents. Many professionals work r…
In India, most money transfers — whether NEFT, RTGS, or IMPS — rely on a unique banking identifier called the IFSC Code. Many customers still get confused about what it means and h…
When using IMAP email accounts in Microsoft Outlook, it is common to manage mailbox storage by deleting emails or moving them into different folders. However, after performing larg…
When working in a multi-user environment with TallyPrime Gold, users may often face the message “The server isn’t responding” especially when Tally is accessed remotely using Remot…
Many Windows 10 and Windows 11 users are often surprised when they view system uptime and notice that their laptop has been running for several days — even when they shut it down d…
Acer Nitro gaming laptops are packed with performance features for gamers, and one of them is the Windows Key Lock function. This feature prevents the accidental pressing of the Wi…
Why Outlook 2013 Fails to Connect with Microsoft 365 EmailMicrosoft 365 business email accounts are designed to use secure and modern authentication methods. However, many users st…
If you've decided to close your Kotak Securities account, whether due to personal reasons or a shift in your investment strategy, the process is straightforward and can be complete…
Sending invoices directly from Tally using Gmail helps you share bills quickly, professionally, and without any manual attachment work. Once Gmail and Tally are configured properly…
The REO H55 Socket 1156 Motherboard is a stable and economical solution designed for Intel’s 1st Generation Core™ i3 and i5 processors. It is built on the Intel H55 Chipset and sup…
Lightshot is a lightweight, efficient screen-capture tool available for Windows, macOS and as browser extensions (Chrome, Firefox, etc.). It allows users to select an area o…
In any computer system, hardware components such as graphics cards, network adapters, printers, sound cards, USB controllers, etc., need software to communicate with the operating …
In today’s business environment, uninterrupted power is critical for maintaining operations, protecting equipment, saving data, and avoiding business loss. A top-quality backup sys…
Servers are the backbone of every modern business — from data storage to applications and user access. Even a few minutes of downtime can cause huge financial loss. That’s why Len…
Google AppSheet is a no-code application development platform that allows users to build powerful mobile and web apps without writing any programming code. It leverages data from G…
Google Gemini is a powerful generative-AI assistant from Google (via Google DeepMind) designed to help with writing, planning, creative work, research, coding, and much more. …
Google Calendar is a time-management and scheduling service developed by Google that allows users to create, manage and share events and appointments through a web interface and mo…
Google Drive is a cloud-based file storage and synchronization service from Google, launched on April 24 2012. Wikipedia+1 It lets you store files online, access them from any devi…
Gmail is the free email service provided by Google for individuals. Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) is a paid cloud-productivity and collaboration suite designed for businesses…
Tarot card reading is a powerful intuitive practice that helps people gain clarity about their life, emotions, decisions, relationships, career, and future possibilities. It origin…
alm reading, also known as Palmistry or Chiromancy, is an ancient study that interprets the lines, shapes, and mounts on a person’s hand to understand their personality, health, ca…
कंप्यूटर, लैपटॉप, प्रिंटर, राउटर, सर्वर और नेटवर्किंग डिवाइस बहुत संवेदनशील इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण हैं। बिजली की आपूर्ति में छोटी सी गड़बड़ी भी हार्डवेयर फ़ेल, डेटा करप्शन और सिस्टम अस…
Computers, laptops, printers, servers, and networking devices are sensitive to electrical conditions. Even small irregularities in power supply can lead to hardware failure, data c…
Electrical safety is one of the most overlooked aspects in homes and offices, especially when it comes to powering sensitive devices like computers, servers, printers, routers, and…
Verifying a company’s GST registration is one of the most important steps before doing business, making payments, or claiming Input Tax Credit (ITC). The Government of India provid…
In digital marketing and website optimization, two small elements — canonical URLs and UTM parameters — play a massive role in determining how search engines view your pages and ho…
In Windows 10 and Windows 11, you can share a printer across a local network so multiple computers can print using the same device. This feature is extremely useful for homes, sma…
Safe Mode in Outlook is a diagnostic startup mode that runs the application with only its core features, while disabling add-ins, custom toolbars, and other non-essential component…
In the realm of networking and system administration, the humble ping command is one of the most frequently used tools for verifying connectivity, diagnosing issues, and measuring …
If your Outlook keeps asking for your Gmail or Google Workspace password, even after enabling POP and creating an App Password, you’re not alone. Thousands of professionals face th…
A) Google Workspace (Admin Console) — set up SMTP Relay Open: Admin Console → Apps → Google Workspace → Gmail → Routing → SMTP relay service → Add Setting. Description: Pos…
How to Write Perfect Prompts for DALL·E, Midjourney, Leonardo, Pika Labs, Runway, and MoreAI-generated visuals have transformed creativity — whether you’re an artist, marketer, fil…
Migrating your old WordPress website to a new hosting provider might seem challenging, but with the right steps, it’s easy and smooth. If you’ve already taken a full website backup…
When you use Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) with email software like Outlook, Postbox, Thunderbird, or any other third-party mail client, you might encounter sign-in errors du…
? IntroductionEmail remains the backbone of professional communication. Whether you're managing multiple business inboxes or ensuring reliable message delivery, having a secure and…
How to Take Backup of SQL Database in Hostinger – Complete Step-by-Step GuideBacking up your SQL database is one of the most important tasks for maintaining the security and stabil…
Remote Desktop (mstsc.exe) problems usually come from one of three root causes: the mstsc.exe binary is missing, its supporting DLLs (mstscax.dll) are missing / unregistered, or th…
If you are a Tally Prime user and find that pressing Alt + F2 opens Photo Mode instead of changing the period in Tally, you are not alone. This issue is caused by NVIDIA GeForce Ex…
Many Facebook users have recently reported receiving alarming messages claiming that their page or post has violated Facebook’s community guidelines. These messages often include a…
Migrating from QLC PostMaster Enterprise to Google Workspace can feel overwhelming, but with the right approach, it’s a smooth, secure, and loss-free process. Whether you’re moving…
WordPress powers over 40% of the internet, and hosting it on Amazon Web Services (AWS) gives you the flexibility, security, and scalability you need. This guide will walk you throu…
Issue: Printer Printing the Same Content Twice on a Single A4 PageIf your printer is producing printouts where the same content appears twice on one A4 page — once on the top half …
How to Optimize Dual Monitor Setup in Windows: Open Apps on External Monitor by DefaultUsing a dual monitor setup—especially with a laptop and an external screen—can significantly …
f you're trying to open a PowerPoint Show (.ppsx) attachment in Outlook and encounter an error like: "The presentation cannot be opened. Your antivirus program may prevent you fro…
If your GST Offline Tool shows a white screen after the "Starting App…" message, and nothing loads, you’re not alone. This guide walks you through a guaranteed solution that works …
Microsoft Windows is the most widely used operating system in the world. But while it may look the same on most devices, Windows licenses come in different types, each with specifi…
What Are Google Fonts? Google Fonts is a free and open-source collection of web fonts provided by Google. It allows developers, designers, and content creators to use high-quality…
Launching a podcast is exciting, but a smooth recording session demands much more than hitting the “record” button. Whether you're in a basic home studio or a professional chroma-e…
Microsoft Outlook is more than just an email client—it's a powerful organization tool. Two underrated yet powerful features that can revolutionize your workflow are Categories and …
Search engines have become increasingly advanced in recent years, going far beyond analyzing just text-based content. With advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Optical Cha…
Transferring a customer from a Google Workspace reseller to direct billing with Google is a common requirement when businesses prefer to manage billing independently. This process …
A WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor makes it easier for users to edit and format content on websites, blogs, or knowledgebase platforms — without writing raw HTML. Popu…
IntroductionCreating dashboards in Excel is one of the most powerful ways to visualize data and make smarter decisions. However, for many users, remembering complex formulas like V…
# === CONFIGURATION === $InterfaceAlias = "Ethernet" # Change this to your actual adapter name (e.g., "Wi-Fi") $IPAddress = "192.168.1.141" $PrefixLength = 24 # 255…
Microsoft Outlook stores all emails, contacts, and other mailbox items in a PST (Personal Storage Table) file. Over time, these files may become corrupted due to various reasons su…
Paper Shuffling Technique for Resolving Frequent Printer Paper Jams Printer paper jams can be frustrating, especially if they occur repeatedly. While most paper jams are caused by …
Managing PST (Personal Storage Table) files in Microsoft Outlook is crucial for users who deal with extensive emails and attachments. By default, the maximum size of a PST file is …
When encountering the error “Error in establishing connection with traces WebSocket e-Signer,” it is usually due to improper setup of the Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) enviro…
Setting a default printer in Busy Accounting Software ensures efficient and accurate printing of invoices, reports, and other documents. Whether you are using a single-user or mult…
Encountering an HTTP Error 403 while accessing a website, especially critical ones like a bank, can be frustrating. This issue often arises due to DNS (Domain Name System) cache pr…
System fonts are essential components of an operating system, responsible for displaying text in applications, menus, and interfaces. Deleting or corrupting these fonts can lead to…
iTunes stores your device backups in a specific folder on your computer. However, if you want to change the location where iTunes saves these backups (for example, to a larger driv…
The sfc /scannow command is a powerful utility provided by Windows that stands for System File Checker (SFC). Its primary purpose is to scan the integrity of all protected system f…
The "Windows cannot find. Make sure you typed the name correctly" error can occur in Windows 11 for various reasons, such as corrupted system files, incorrect file paths, or missin…
Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) play a crucial role in ensuring secure online transactions and e-filing, especially for GST compliance in India. This guide outlines the steps …
The "BOOTMGR is missing" error is a common issue that Windows users encounter when their system fails to find the Boot Manager. This can prevent your computer from starting up prop…
Introduction Printer error 0x00000bc4 is a common issue in Windows 11, especially after updates like the 22H2 release. This error typically occurs when users try to add or connect …
Introduction The Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc) is a powerful tool that allows users to configure and manage system settings, including security policies and user configurations.…
Introduction Printer error 0x00000709 is a common issue that occurs in Windows when users try to set a default printer or access their printer settings. This error typically arises…
Introduction Canon error 5200 is a common printer error that typically relates to issues with the ink cartridges. When this error occurs, the printer stops functioning, leaving use…
Introduction Printer errors can be a common annoyance for Windows users, and error code 0x00000bc4 is no exception. This error typically occurs when attempting to add or access a n…
Introduction Encountering the "0x0000011b" error when adding a networked printer can be frustrating, especially when you urgently need to print documents. This error is common in W…
Keyboards are essential input devices for computers, laptops, and various IT-related products. They facilitate user interaction and enable efficient data entry, gaming, and product…
Hard disks are essential components of computers, laptops, and various IT-related products. They store data, applications, and the operating system, significantly affecting perform…
Random Access Memory (RAM) is a crucial component in computers, laptops, and other IT-related products, enabling them to perform tasks efficiently. RAM temporarily stores data that…
Microsoft Windows is one of the most widely used operating systems globally, known for its user-friendly interface, robust performance, and extensive software compatibility. From p…
Desktop computers, often referred to as Personal Computers (PCs), remain a vital tool for both personal and professional use. Desktops offer more power, expandability, and better c…
Laptops are an essential tool in today’s digital world, offering flexibility, portability, and the ability to perform a variety of tasks. Whether you're a student, professional, ga…
The latest release of BUSY 21 (Release 11.4) is now live, bringing improvements and updates to the widely-used accounting software. While BUSY has focused on enhancing the user ex…
UPI transactions are immensely popular for their convenience in India, but users often encounter a ₹2,000 limit when scanning QR codes for payments, particularly if the QR code is …
Article Summary This article provides a step-by-step guide to renewing or completing the Busy License Subscription (BLS) for Busy Accounting Software. It covers the importance of t…
Introduction Globehost is a leading web hosting company that provides a wide range of hosting solutions tailored for businesses and individuals. With a commitment to quality, custo…
Introduction In today's digital age, opening a bank account online has never been easier. IDFC FIRST Bank offers a seamless process for setting up a free savings account, enabling …
Introduction IDFC FIRST Bank offers a range of credit cards designed to meet the diverse needs of customers. With features focused on rewards, convenience, and financial wellness, …
Introduction Vyapar is a powerful accounting and business management application designed specifically for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in India. The Vyapar desktop ap…
Introduction Zerodha is one of India's leading discount brokerage firms, known for its innovative technology and user-friendly trading platforms. Founded in 2010, Zerodha has revol…
Introduction Online HTML editors are web-based tools that allow users to write, edit, and preview HTML code in real-time without needing to install software. These editors are espe…
Introduction Tally Software Services (TSS) is a crucial annual subscription for Tally Prime users, providing access to essential features, continuous updates, and technical support…
Introduction Tally Prime is a powerful accounting software widely used for financial management. If your Tally Prime license has expired or needs reactivation, this guide provides …
Introduction Transferring contacts from Google Workspace to other email clients like Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird can enhance your email management. This guide provide…
Introduction Google Workspace is a powerful suite of cloud-based productivity tools designed to enhance collaboration and efficiency within organizations. This knowledge base cover…
Introduction USB (Universal Serial Bus) cables are crucial for connecting devices, transferring data, and providing power. With various types, sizes, and specifications, understand…
Introduction RS232 (Recommended Standard 232) is a standard for serial communication that has been widely used for connecting computers and peripheral devices. Despite being an old…
Introduction Personal computer monitors are essential for displaying visual information and enhancing user experience. Understanding the various types, sizes, technologies, and the…
Introduction Keyboards are essential input devices for computers, and they come in various types and technologies. Understanding these differences can help users choose the right k…
Introduction Configuring two network cards (NICs) on a server allows you to segregate traffic, improve performance, and enhance security. This setup is commonly used to have one NI…
Introduction The Indian Railway E-Procurement System (IREPS) portal is a web-based platform designed for the procurement of goods and services in Indian Railways. It facilitates tr…
Introduction A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is an electronic signature used to verify the identity of the signer and the integrity of the document. It is widely used in e-Go…
Introduction Fonts play a crucial role in visual design, impacting readability and aesthetics in documents, websites, and applications. Understanding the types of fonts, common des…
Introduction The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database that stores low-level settings for the operating system and for applications that opt to use the registry. It contains …
Introduction Printer sharing in Windows 10 and Windows 11 allows multiple users to access a single printer over a network. This guide covers how to set up printer sharing and troub…
Introduction Windows 11 is the latest operating system from Microsoft, introducing a host of new features and enhancements designed to improve productivity, user experience, and se…
Introduction Windows operating systems are widely used but can sometimes encounter errors that disrupt your workflow. Understanding how to troubleshoot these common issues can help…
Article Summary This article provides a step-by-step guide on how to upgrade your system to Windows 11. It covers the system requirements, upgrade methods, and troubleshooting tips…
Introduction Tally Prime is a powerful accounting software that enables businesses to manage their financial operations efficiently. For export and import firms, handling multiple …
Article Summary This article guides users through the steps of enabling e-Invoicing in Tally Prime, explains how to register for e-Invoicing on the government e-Invoice portal, and…
Article Summary This article explains how to enable the e-Way Bill feature in Tally Prime and also covers how to enable e-Way Bill generation through the e-Way Bill Government port…
Office 365 offers a powerful suite of productivity tools like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and more, making it an essential solution for businesses and individuals alike. If you've rec…
In today’s fast-paced work environment, efficient technology is crucial for productivity. Whether at home or in the office, users often encounter issues with Windows and various so…
Managing payroll can be one of the most complex and time-consuming tasks for any business. Fortunately, GreytHR Payroll offers a comprehensive solution that simplifies this essenti…
In today's digital world, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is vital for the smooth operation of any business. APC, a leader in power management solutions, offers an Extended Warran…
In the competitive landscape of modern business, ensuring maximum uptime for your servers is crucial. Lenovo offers a range of services designed to extend the life of your IT infra…
In today’s fast-paced, connected world, businesses need more than just tools—they need an ecosystem that fosters collaboration, enhances productivity, and simplifies communication.…
Tally Definition Language (TDL) is the proprietary language used by Tally Solutions to develop and customize functionalities in TallyPrime. TDL allows users and developers to exten…
In today's fast-paced business environment, data is everything. Having instant access to critical financial insights, customer information, and inventory details is essential for m…
Tally on Cloud is a revolutionary solution that allows businesses to access their Tally accounting software via the internet, without being limited to physical hardware or location…
Tally Prime is one of the most widely used accounting software for businesses. Whether you're setting it up for the first time or reinstalling, this guide will walk you through the…
In today's fast-paced business environment, efficiency and productivity are key. Windows is packed with features that, when used effectively, can save time, enhance security, and s…