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AS SSD Benchmark NVMe Results Explained: Technical Interpretation, Troubleshooting, and Best Practices

This knowledge base article explains how to interpret AS SSD Benchmark results for NVMe SSDs, diagnose abnormal performance, and apply best practices for production, enterprise, an…

Windows System Freezes with Sudden Fan Spike on NVMe SSD Systems (CPU Thermal Throttling Diagnosis & Fix)

This Knowledge Base article addresses a common but often misdiagnosed issue on modern Windows systems with NVMe SSDs, where the system temporarily hangs or becomes unresponsive, th…

External Hard Drives — Capacity, Sizes, Technology, Manufacturers, Warranties & Popular Models (Technical Guide)

External hard drives remain an essential tool for backup, archival, media libraries and portable data transfer. This article—written for IT teams, procurement, and operations—expla…

SSD vs HDD – Which Is Better? A Technical Comparison for Modern IT Environments

Storage devices are a foundational component of any computing system. Two primary technologies dominate this space: Solid State Drives (SSD) and Hard Disk Drives (HDD). While both …

Understanding Hard Disks: Types, Features, and Their Role in IT Devices

Hard disks are essential components of computers, laptops, and various IT-related products. They store data, applications, and the operating system, significantly affecting perform…

Create One Ultimate Windows Bootable USB in 2026 to Fix Almost Any PC Issue Using WinPE 10/11 Sergei Strelec – All-in-One Rescue Environment

In modern IT support and system administration, having a single, reliable bootable USB that can troubleshoot, repair, recover, and maintain Windows systems is essential. Hardware f…

Computer Motherboards: History, Architecture, Components, and Modern Design

The computer motherboard is the central backbone of any computing system. It interconnects the CPU, memory, storage, expansion cards, power delivery, and peripheral interfaces into…

AI Supercomputing and Advanced Hardware: Architecture, Technologies, and Practical Implementation

AI supercomputing refers to large-scale, high-performance computing (HPC) systems purpose-built to train, fine-tune, and run advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning m…

Types of Laptops: Sizes, Hardware Specifications, Features, and Selection Guide by User Needs

Laptops are portable computing systems designed to meet a wide range of user requirements—from basic office work and education to software development, graphic design, video editin…

What Is the Ping Command and Why Every User Should Know It

In the realm of networking and system administration, the humble ping command is one of the most frequently used tools for verifying connectivity, diagnosing issues, and measuring …

Computer BIOS: Architecture, Versions, Vendors, Features, and Best Practices (Complete Technical Guide)

The Computer BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is foundational firmware that initializes hardware and starts the operating system when a computer powers on. Although end users rarel…

How to Choose the Right Laptop for Your Profession: Technical Guide, Specs, Workloads & Practical Recommendations

Selecting the right laptop is a mission-critical decision that affects productivity, user experience, and long-term satisfaction. Different professions and use cases — such as scho…

Types of Laptops, Technologies, Features, Sizes, and Shortcut Commands for Daily Productivity and Gaming

Laptops have evolved from basic portable computers into highly specialized devices designed for office productivity, education, creative work, engineering, and high-performance gam…

Magneto-Optical (MO) Drives: History, Technology, Capacities, and Enterprise Use

Magneto-Optical (MO) drives are a class of removable storage devices that combine magnetic and optical technologies to provide durable, rewritable, and highly reliable data storage…

Professional Education in India (Certifications & MBAs): Providers, Registration Norms, Procurement, Eligibility, and Claim Process

Professional education in India—such as certifications (IT, management, finance, cloud, security) and MBA programs—is increasingly important for workforce competitiveness. This art…

Types of Memory Cards: Technical Comparison, Performance Classes, and Usage Across Devices

Memory cards are removable flash storage devices used across a wide range of digital equipment such as smartphones, cameras, drones, dashcams, industrial devices, and embedded syst…

RSI, MACD & Volume Explained with Suzlon Energy – A Practical Trading Guide for Indian Stocks

Technical indicators are tools that interpret price, momentum, and participation in the stock market. Among them, RSI (Relative Strength Index), MACD (Moving Average Convergence Di…

Lenovo ThinkPad Laptops: Corporate-Grade Quality, Durability, Security, and Long-Term Reliability

Lenovo ThinkPad laptops are widely regarded as one of the most reliable and durable business laptop series in the world. Known for their legendary keyboards, rugged build quality, …

Future of Computer Hardware Technologies: Architecture Evolution, Capabilities, and Practical Impact

Computer hardware is entering a new phase of evolution driven by limits in traditional scaling, rising energy costs, and demand from AI, data-intensive workloads, and real-time sys…

Tally Slow or Not Responding Due to Network Card Not Negotiating Gigabit Speed (10/100 Mbps Issue)

In multi-user Tally Prime / Tally ERP environments where both Tally License and Data reside on a central server, network performance plays a critical role. A very common yet often …

Apple iPhones: Features, iOS Operating System, Core Technologies, Manufacturing Ecosystem, and Practical Usage

Apple iPhones are premium smartphones designed with a tightly integrated ecosystem of hardware, software, and services. Unlike open mobile platforms, Apple follows a vertically int…

Understanding Motherboards, CPUs, and Compatibility

Introduction The motherboard and CPU are critical components of any computer system. Understanding their functions, compatibility, and generational differences is essential for bui…

How to Read and Understand Credit Card Statements in India (Complete Guide)

Credit card statements issued by Indian banks often contain technical terminology, abbreviations, and multiple charges that can confuse customers. Misunderstanding these terms may …

How to Check Domain Registration Details Online (WHOIS Lookup Guide)

Checking domain registration details is a fundamental task for IT administrators, system engineers, cybersecurity professionals, and business owners. Domain lookup helps verify own…

Camera Batteries Explained: Types, Ratings, Cell Chemistry, Sizes, and Professional Usage Guide

Batteries are a critical subsystem in digital cameras, DSLRs, mirrorless cameras, action cameras, camcorders, and professional cinema equipment. Camera performance, reliability, re…

Web Hosting Explained: Types, Architecture, and Practical Examples

Web hosting is the service that allows individuals and organizations to publish websites or web applications on the internet. A web host provides the server infrastructure, storage…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): A Practical Technical Guide

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transforming how systems analyze data, automate decisions, and improve over time. From recommendation engines and fraud d…

Sikh Dynasty (Sikh Empire): Era, Rulers, and Founder

The Sikh Dynasty, commonly known as the Sikh Empire, was a powerful Sikh-ruled state in North India during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This simple knowledge-base artic…

Delhi Metro Project. A simple guide to what it is, how it works, and why it matters

The Delhi Metro Project is a modern train system that helps millions of people travel daily across Delhi and nearby cities. It matters because it: Reduces traffic and pollution…

Google Chrome Not Showing Latest Website Content – Cache, DNS, and Browser Behavior Explained

This Knowledge Base article explains why Google Chrome displays outdated or old versions of a website instead of the latest deployed content. It covers browser caching, DNS resolu…

MX Record TTL Mismatch Between Cloudflare and Hostinger: Technical Impact, Behavior, and Resolution

This article explains why Cloudflare DNS does not provide a 14400-second (4-hour) TTL option while Hostinger recommends TTL 14400 for MX records, and whether this mismatch causes e…

Google Workspace Additional Storage Explained (100GB, 1TB, 10TB)

Google Workspace Additional Storage is an option that lets your business add more cloud storage when your existing space is almost full. It matters because when storage is full, e…

Ransomware Explained: Origin, History, Major Types, Known Families, and Secure Removal Practices

Ransomware is one of the most disruptive and financially damaging cyber threats facing individuals, businesses, and governments today. It encrypts or locks access to systems and da…

DDR-5 RAM Explained: Architecture, Variants, Chipset Support, Sizes, and Best Practices

DDR-5 RAM (Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory) is the current mainstream system memory standard for modern computing platforms. It succeeds DDR-4 by delive…

Does an Expired Antivirus Subscription Slow Down Your Computer? Performance, Security Impact, and Best Practices Explained

A common concern among users and IT administrators is whether an expired antivirus subscription causes a computer to slow down—and whether renewing the subscription restores perfor…

Computer SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply): History, Architecture, Wattage, Connectors, and Future Trends

The Computer SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply) is a critical hardware component that converts electrical power from an external source into usable, stable DC voltages for internal …

Spatial Computing (AR/VR): Architecture, Technologies, Use Cases, and Implementation Guide

Spatial computing is a computing paradigm that blends digital content with the physical world using Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR) technologie…

Edge Computing Explained: Architecture, Use Cases, Implementation, and Best Practices

Edge computing is a distributed computing model where data processing occurs closer to the data source instead of relying entirely on centralized cloud data centers. As organizatio…

Cloud 3.0 Explained: Hybrid and Sovereign Cloud Architecture, Providers, and Implementation Guide

Cloud computing has evolved through multiple phases. Cloud 3.0 represents the current stage, where organizations demand flexibility, regulatory control, and security beyond traditi…

Cyber Security Explained: Purpose, Implementation, Key Companies, and How It Differs from Antivirus Software

Cyber security is the practice of protecting systems, networks, applications, and data from digital attacks. These attacks are no longer limited to simple viruses. Modern threats i…

Ethical Hacking – Working Principles, Benefits, Career Scope, Skills, Institutes, Tools & Salary in India

Ethical Hacking is the authorized practice of identifying, testing, and fixing security vulnerabilities in computer systems, networks, applications, and digital infrastructure. Eth…

AppSumo Knowledge Base: Platform Overview, How It Works, Use Cases, and Best Practices

AppSumo is a digital marketplace that connects software product creators with early adopters, startups, and small businesses by offering lifetime deals (LTDs) and heavily discounte…

Amazon Marketplace Explained: How It Works, Indian Market Calculations, Goods, Pros & Cons

Amazon Marketplace is a multi-vendor e-commerce platform where third-party sellers list and sell products directly to customers, while Amazon provides the technology, traffic, paym…

Windows Server 2019 Security Hardening & Post-RDP Intrusion Remediation

This Knowledge Base article documents a real-world Windows Server 2019 security hardening and incident remediation scenario involving: An attempted RDP intrusion Partial Hy…

PageMaker (Aldus / Adobe): History, Technology, Licensing, and Modern Publishing Alternatives

PageMaker was one of the world’s first desktop publishing (DTP) software applications, playing a foundational role in the print publishing revolution. It enabled users to design pr…

Adobe Photoshop: History, Technology, Licensing, and Modern Alternatives

Adobe Photoshop is the world’s most widely used raster-based professional image editing software, serving industries such as graphic design, photography, publishing, advertising, e…

Dial-Up Modems: History, Technology, Successors, and Modern Connectivity Options

Dial-up modems were the foundation of early computer networking and internet access, enabling digital communication over standard telephone lines. Though largely obsolete today, di…

Cracked Software Explained: Meaning, Risks, Legality, Pros & Cons

Cracked software refers to computer programs or applications that have been illegally modified to bypass licensing, activation, or payment mechanisms enforced by the original softw…

RSS Feeds Explained: Definition, History, How They Work, Use Cases, Pros & Cons

RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a standardized web technology that allows users and systems to automatically receive updates from websites without visiting each site manually. R…

How to Get Official Support from Tally Solutions (Tally Prime) – Complete & Verified Guide

Tally Solutions provides multiple official support channels for users of Tally Prime, covering technical issues, licensing, compliance, data errors, and functional guidance.This ar…