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Essential Windows CMD Commands Every System Administrator Should Know for Daily Administration, Troubleshooting, Maintenance, and Recovery
Windows...s can be inspected, enabled, disabled, or configured. 65. Open System Properties sysdm.cpl Useful for computer name, domain membership, advanced system settings, profiles, performance options, and Remote Desktop configuration. ...
Laptop Works on Charger but Shuts Down When Unplugged: Causes, Battery Tests, Diagnosis and Solutions
Windows...Press it flat Open the battery pack Attempt cell-level repair Arrange proper replacement and disposal through an appropriate battery/e-waste channel. 17. Check Whether the Battery Is Actually Charging Connect the charger and ob...
TallyPrime Stuck on Loading Screen: How to Fix TallyPrime Freezing or Hanging During Startup
Tally & Accounting...Already Running A previous TallyPrime session may not have terminated properly. The application window may be closed while its process is still running in the background. Opening another instance can sometimes result in abnorma...
Laptop Battery BMS Explained: How Smart Batteries Work, Monitor Battery Health, Control Charging, and Protect Lithium-Ion Cells
Hardware & AMC...al protection if voltage or other parameters exceed defined limits. A properly designed system does not rely on the user unplugging the charger exactly when the battery reaches 100%. 16. How Does Over-Discharge Protection Work?...
How to Repair Corrupted TallyPrime Company Data – Troubleshooting Data Damage After Power Failure, Sudden Shutdown, Network Disconnection, Server Restart, or Application Crash
Tally & Accounting... NAS or server becoming unavailable Storage or file-system problems Improper copying or restoration of company data The result may appear to the user simply as "TallyPrime data is corrupted", but the actual cause can range from...
SMBus and Smart Battery System Explained for Laptop Technicians: How Laptop Batteries Communicate, Report Health, and Control Charging
Hardware & AMC...ypically use open-drain signaling, pull-up resistors are required for proper logic-high states. Without functioning pull-ups, communication can fail. Technicians troubleshooting communication should consider: Missing pull-up vo...
TallyPrime Rewrite Operation – Complete Guide to Repair Company Data, Fix Slow or Stuck Rewrite, and Handle Data Repair Failure
Tally & Accounting...lems NAS interruptions Insufficient disk space Unstable USB storage Improper Data Copy Copying company data while it is actively being used can produce an unreliable copy. Antivirus or Security Software Aggressive antivirus, en...
Chip-Level Motherboard Repairing: Complete Guide to Diagnostics, Soldering, Power Testing, Tools, Safety, and Troubleshooting
General IT...t. A professional workstation should include: ESD mat ESD wrist strap Proper grounding point ESD-safe tweezers ESD-safe brush ESD-safe component containers The wrist strap and mat should be connected through appropriate ESD gro...
How to Fix TallyPrime Company Data Corruption – Company Not Opening After Power Failure, System Crash, or Copying Data to a New Computer
Tally & Accounting...y folder. Use the following procedure. Step 1 – Restart Windows Properly After an unexpected shutdown, allow Windows to start completely. Then restart the computer once normally: Start → Power → Restart This hel...
TallyPrime Voucher or Ledger Data Missing After Data Corruption – Causes, Diagnosis, Recovery Methods and Prevention
Tally & Accounting...ent disconnection Network instability Storage failure Power failure Improper permissions Forced shutdown The server, storage, network and backup system should therefore be treated as part of the accounting-data infrastructure. ...
...ta Corruption? (Simple Meaning)Data corruption means:✔ Tally cannot properly read your company data✔ Files are damaged or incomplete✔ Errors appear while opening or workingCommon messages:Data CorruptedFile Not FoundRewrite Req...
Chip-Level Repairing of Desktop and Server SMPS: Complete Diagnostics, Tools, Testing, Soldering, Repair and Safety Guide
Windows... fuse without finding the short circuit that caused it to blow is not proper component-level repair. 2. Desktop SMPS vs Server SMPS Desktop ATX SMPS Typical desktop ATX supplies provide rails such as: +12 V +5 V +3.3 V -12 V +5...
...thium-ion or lithium-polymer cells with significant energy density. A properly engineered battery pack includes more than cells. Depending on its design, it can contain: Battery-management electronics Protection circuitry Tempe...
OEM vs Original vs Compatible vs Aftermarket Laptop Batteries: Differences, Quality, Safety, Compatibility and Buying Guide
General IT...ect voltage Appropriate capacity Correct connector Correct dimensions Proper BMS communication Protection against abnormal operating conditions Good-quality lithium-ion cells Useful warranty coverage Lower cost than the genuine...
Fixing IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (0xA) BSOD in Dell Laptops: Complete Technical Guide for Overheating, RAM, and Driver Issues
Hardware & AMC...e Screen of Death (BSOD) is a critical Windows error that indicates improper memory access by the kernel or drivers. When this error appears along with ntoskrnl.exe, it often points toward deeper issues involving hardware insta...
Understanding LST_XXX.dat Files in TallyPrime Data Folder: Structure, Purpose, and Best Practices
Tally & Accounting...elated to LST Files1. File Size Becomes 0 KBPossible data corruptionImproper shutdown2. Mismatch ErrorsHappens when indexing breaks3. Data Not LoadingLinked LST file missing or damaged?️ Troubleshooting & RecoveryStep 1: Ve...
Fix Microsoft Outlook Not Opening Issue Instantly – Complete Technical Guide & One-Click Solution
Email & Google Workspace... often caused by stuck background processes, corrupted sessions, or improper shutdown of Outlook. Many users are forced to restart their system or manually kill processes using Task Manager.This article provides a complete tech...
Dell BIOS & Firmware Updates Using Dell Update / Dell Command | Update – Technical Guide & Troubleshooting
Software Installation...ConclusionDell BIOS & firmware updates:✔ Are safe when executed properly ✔ Require strict power discipline ✔ Must respect BitLocker / TPM dependencies ✔ Should follow structured IT workflows Improper update handling is a ma...
Dell Update BIOS & Firmware Installation – Technical Knowledge Base for IT Administrators
Software Installation...ancements TPM behavior changes Hardware exploit mitigation Risks of Improper Updates❌ Power loss → firmware corruption ❌ Interrupted flash → motherboard failure ❌ Unauthorized BIOS → security compromiseSecure Update Recommendat...
Android “Can’t Load Android System” Error – Causes, Data Recovery, Factory Reset and Complete Troubleshooting Guide
Backup & Recovery...blems can damage filesystem structures. Android may then be unable to properly access required files during startup. 8. Verified Boot Failure Modern Android devices use security mechanisms such as Android Verified Boot (AVB). T...
... USB-C connector does not automatically mean every USB-C charger will properly charge the laptop. USB-C charging can depend on: USB Power Delivery support Charger wattage Supported voltage/current profiles Cable rating Laptop p...
TallyPrime Backup Guide: How to Take Backup and Fix Backup Failed, Backup Not Working & Automatic Backup Problems
Tally & Accounting...ion, or human error can potentially make company data inaccessible. A proper backup strategy therefore should not depend on a single copy of the TallyPrime data folder. This article explains: How to take a TallyPrime backup Whe...
Windows 10 Error 0xc0000225 (winload.exe Missing or Corrupt): Complete Troubleshooting and Repair Guide
Windows...ed System Files Windows system files may become damaged because of: Improper shutdown Malware Disk errors Software conflicts Failed updates 3. SSD or HDD File System Errors Bad sectors or file system corruption can damage: Boot...
Laptop Power Adapters from the 1990s to 2026: Evolution, Wattage, Voltage, Current, Polarity, DC Pin Sizes and Connector Standards
General IT...y Reduce CPU/GPU performance Display a warning Operate but not charge properly Refuse certain high-performance modes Therefore, matching voltage and plug dimensions alone does not guarantee full compatibility. 26. Voltage Must ...
Top Electrical Problems That Harm Computers & Printers: Symptoms, Causes & Reliable Solutions
General IT...e a surge protector or surge protection device (SPD) Install earthing properly ⚡ 2️⃣ Low Voltage (Undervoltage / Brownout)Voltage drops below normal operating range.Effects PC shuts down or restarts during heavy load HDD/SSD da...
Technical Analysis of MySQL Database Architecture in SAG Infotech Genius Software Installations
Databases & Development...ction informationShared database structuresDeleting this file without proper recovery procedures may permanently corrupt the installation.Table Definition Files.frmUsed for:Table schema definitionsStructure metadataMyISAM Data ...
Buying a Used Laptop from a Computer Dealer: Complete Technical Checklist, Pros, Cons, Risks, Testing and Buyer Guide
Microsoft Office...s after Windows reinstall Ask the dealer whether the machine has been properly released from the previous owner's management environment. 33. Verify Windows Licensing Check whether Windows is genuinely activated. However, activ...
...me, these files may become corrupted due to various reasons such as improper shutdown, large file size, or software conflicts. Fortunately, Microsoft provides an Inbox Repair Tool, known as scanpst.exe, to fix minor corruption ...
Fixing “Microsoft Outlook Needs to Update a Dependency (WebView2)” Error – Complete Technical Guide for Windows Systems
Browsers & Internet...ns Authentication dialogs (OAuth) Without it, Outlook cannot function properly.? Root Causes of the Error1. ❌ WebView2 Not InstalledFresh Windows or minimal setups may not include it.2. ? Outdated VersionOlder versions are inco...
...processing, and audits. Corruption may occur due to system crashes, improper shutdowns, disk errors, malware, or network interruptions. This Knowledge Base article provides a structured, professional guide to identify Tally dat...
Lenovo Commercial Laptops & Desktops AMC Packs: What They Are, Benefits, Techniques & Why Choose BISON INFOSOLUTIONS
Hardware & AMC...e health, update drivers, inventory assets. Train users: Basic usage, proper shutdown, avoid un-authorized hardware modifications to prevent voiding warranty. Define escalation process: When issues occur, how to escalate from v...
Windows Created a Temporary Paging File: Causes, Troubleshooting, and Complete Fix Guide for Windows 10 & Windows 11
Windows... points to D:. 4. Corrupted Pagefile.sys Power failure System crash Improper shutdown Bad sectors can corrupt pagefile.sys 5. Disk Errors File system corruption Bad sectors NTFS corruption may prevent Windows from...
Does Microsoft Have an AdSense Alternative? Microsoft pubCenter, Microsoft Monetize and Google AdSense Compared
General IT...important than raw traffic volume. How to Compare Publisher Platforms Properly Do not compare monetization networks only by claimed CPC or revenue share. A proper comparison should evaluate: Fill Rate The percentage of eligible...
What Is a .BAT File? History, Uses, Commands, Benefits, Limitations, Security, and Practical Examples
Backup & Recovery...script should not be treated as a complete backup strategy by itself. Proper backup systems can add versioning, immutable/offline copies, encryption, retention policies, verification, monitoring, and recovery management. 19. So...
...tery-health or conservation mode is enabled. 34. Test Battery Runtime Properly Battery runtime should be tested under reasonably controlled conditions. For example: Charge the laptop to its configured maximum. Restart Windows. ...
Canon Printer “Cannot Recognize the USB Connection” Error: Complete Troubleshooting Guide for Windows 10 and Windows 11
Windows...inting mechanism is functional independently of Windows. 5. Perform a Proper USB Reconnection Instead of repeatedly pressing Retry, perform a clean reconnection. Recommended sequence Cancel the Canon utility. Switch the printer...
Android Stuck on “Finishing System Update” – Causes, Safe Fixes, Recovery Mode Troubleshooting & Prevention Guide
Software Installation...ess commonly, failing internal flash storage can prevent Android from properly reading or writing system files. Possible symptoms include: Frequent application crashes Files becoming corrupted Extremely slow startup Random rest...
Android Automatically Boots into Safe Mode – Causes, Diagnosis, Fixes, and Prevention Guide
Mobile & Devices...an Android phone crashes frequently during normal operation but works properly in Safe Mode, a downloaded application is a strong suspect. 2. How Do You Know Android Is in Safe Mode? The most obvious indication is usually the t...
BGA Reballing Explained: Process, Benefits, Machines, Tools, Expertise, Risks, and When Reballing Is Required
General IT...ard. Reballing is significantly more complex than ordinary soldering. Proper diagnosis, temperature control, PCB handling, alignment, ESD protection, inspection, and technician experience are essential. What Is BGA? BGA stands ...
...d the people using them.Why Is This Wiring Fault Dangerous?1. Loss of Proper GroundingGrounding provides a safe path for electrical leakage or static discharge. Without proper grounding: Static electricity cannot safely dissipa...
Laptop Battery Temperature Explained: Normal Operating Range, Dangerous Temperatures, Warning Signs, Monitoring, and Cooling Tips
General IT...e charger can cause charging problems. Use a manufacturer-approved or properly specified compatible charger. 15. Battery Temperature While Charging Some temperature increase while charging is normal. For example: Before chargin...
Laptop Chip-Level Repairing: Complete Guide to Diagnostic, Soldering, Power, Testing and Repair Tools
Hardware & AMC...r general inspection and larger soldering work but does not replace a proper microscope for fine-pitch motherboard repairs. 19. BIOS / SPI Flash Programmer A programmer is essential when BIOS or firmware corruption is suspected...
Chip-Level Repairing of Computer RAM: Complete Guide to DDR3, DDR4, DDR5 DIMM & SO-DIMM Diagnostics, Tools, Soldering, Testing and Safety
Hardware & AMC...stem Soldering and rework generate fumes and airborne contaminants. A proper local fume extractor should pull fumes away from the technician's breathing zone. It is preferable to simply using a desk fan, which may redistribute ...
Chip-Level Repairing of Tower and Blade Servers: Complete Diagnostics, Soldering, Power Testing, Repair Tools, Safety Precautions, and Troubleshooting Guide
General IT...nents. Blindly heating or “reflowing” a BGA chip is not a proper diagnosis. 32. BGA Reballing Equipment Where legitimate BGA replacement/rework is required, tools may include: Stencils Solder balls or solder paste F...
Chip-Level Repairing of Laser Printers: Complete Technical Guide to Diagnostics, Tools, Soldering, Power Testing, PCB Repair, Safety Precautions and Troubleshooting
General IT...tors, MOSFETs, diodes, resistors and capacitors. It should supplement proper diagnosis, not replace circuit understanding. 25. Thermocouple Temperature Meter Useful for controlled temperature measurements where the service proc...
TallyPrime Running in Task Manager but Not Opening – Complete Troubleshooting Guide for Windows 10, Windows 11 and Windows Server
Windows...round, but its application window is not visible or is unable to load properly. This problem can occur on: Windows 10 Windows 11 Windows Server Remote Desktop/RDP environments Multi-user TallyPrime installations Standalone desk...
... an old installation. Right-click the TallyPrime shortcut and select: Properties Check the Target field. Make sure the executable actually exists at that location. You can also browse directly to the TallyPrime installation fol...
...overy tag Feed blocked by robots.txt Fix Manually locate feed URL Add proper <link rel="alternate"> Issue: Broken or invalid XMLCauses Unescaped characters Invalid encoding Fix Validate with an RSS validator Use UTF-8 enc...
Should You Keep Your Laptop Plugged In All the Time? Complete Guide to Laptop Battery Health, Charging and Battery Life
General IT...rges" whenever the laptop stays plugged in is generally incorrect for properly functioning modern hardware. Can Keeping a Laptop Plugged In Overcharge the Battery? Under normal operating conditions with a compatible charger and...
How to Fix "The File or Directory Is Corrupted and Unreadable" in Windows 10 & Windows 11 (NTFS Drive Recovery Guide)
Windows...ows Healthy Partition. Device Manager reports "This device is working properly." Root directory opens. One or more folders cannot be opened. Error appears only for specific folders. Disk is still detected correctly. Example Sce...
Laptop Battery Swelling: Causes, Warning Signs, Safety Risks, Diagnosis, and Safe Replacement Guide
General IT...ve outward Develop a gap Stop sitting flush Become difficult to close properly This is one of the strongest warning signs. 2. Touchpad Lifting Up In many laptops, the battery is installed directly underneath the touchpad or pal...
Is Charging a Laptop to 100% Bad for the Battery? How Full Charging Affects Battery Health, Lifespan, and Performance
General IT...e two separate questions: Is 100% charging dangerous? Normally, no. A properly functioning laptop and battery-management system stop actively charging the battery once the appropriate charge threshold has been reached. Is 100% ...
Original vs Compatible Laptop Battery: Differences, Safety, Performance, Lifespan and Which One Should You Buy?
General IT...orrect physical dimensions Appropriate battery-management electronics Proper communication with the laptop Tested charging and discharging behavior Appropriate thermal protection Manufacturer-backed compatibility More predictab...
How to Buy Used Laptops from End Users: A Complete Guide for IT Dealers, Vendors and Service Partners
General IT...value to an old HDD until its health has been verified. 11. Check RAM Properly Confirm: Installed RAM Usable RAM Number of modules Available upgrade slots Memory speed Memory errors Run Windows Memory Diagnostic or another reli...
Android Phone Overheating After Software Update – Causes, Troubleshooting Steps, Battery Issues, and Solutions
Mobile & Devices...y: Charging heat + Processor heat During troubleshooting: Connect the proper charger. Turn off the screen. Avoid gaming or video streaming. Allow the device to charge without heavy use. Observe whether the overheating still occ...
Fix “The RPC Server is Unavailable” Error While Printing in Windows (Complete Technical Guide)
Printers & Scanners...e computer and the printer. It commonly occurs when accessing Printer Properties, sending print jobs, or managing printers.This issue is typically related to Remote Procedure Call (RPC) failure, Print Spooler malfunction, or ne...
Fake Software Installers & Malware Attacks: How a Suspicious VLC File Can Crash Your System and How to Recover Safely
Cyber Security...n severely damage your system, making it unbootable. Early detection, proper recovery steps, and safe computing practices are essential to protect your data and system integrity. In most severe cases, a clean Windows installati...
...on Select Run as Administrator Optional permanent fix:Right-click → Properties → Compatibility → Run as Administrator Step 8: Check License Files (Advanced)Location:C:\Program Files\Tally\License Ensure files exist No “read-onl...
Power Adapters Used in Cameras: Ratings, Voltage, Polarity, Connectors, and Professional Usage Guide
General IT...r devices, not generic chargers. Correct voltage, sufficient current, proper polarity, and high-quality regulation are mandatory for safe, reliable, and uninterrupted camera operation. Understanding adapter ratings and connecto...
Computer SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply): History, Architecture, Wattage, Connectors, and Future Trends
General IT...fer 80 PLUS Gold or better Ensure correct connectors for GPU Maintain proper airflow Clean dust periodically Avoid mixing PSU cables Replace PSU after major upgrades Future of Computer SMPSEmerging Trends PCIe 5.0 and ATX 3.0 s...
Dell Update Driver Installation Stuck or Failing – Intel UHD / Iris Xe Graphics Driver
Software Installation...terruption often introduces more severe issues than the update itself.Proper diagnosis requires: Log inspection System activity validation Controlled remediation A structured troubleshooting approach minimizes endpoint disrupti...
Camera Batteries Explained: Types, Ratings, Cell Chemistry, Sizes, and Professional Usage Guide
General IT...lymer (Li-Po) batteries dominate modern cameras. TechnologyUsed InKey PropertiesLi-ionDSLR, mirrorless, camcordersHigh energy density, stable voltageLi-PoAction cameras, dronesFlexible shape, lightweightNiMH (legacy)Very old ca...
HP Printer Control Panel / Touchscreen Errors – Causes, Diagnosis, and Step-by-Step Resolution
Windows..., hardware replacement is required for persistent touchscreen faults. Proper power management and firmware stability reduce recurrence.#HPPrinter #TouchscreenError #ControlPanel #LaserJet #PrinterTroubleshooting #ITSupport #Off...
...ed by dust, poor airflow, outdated hardware, or background load. With proper cleaning, optimization, and upgrades, you can restore smooth performance and extend your laptop’s life.-----------------------------------------------...
Understanding the Fight-or-Flight Response: A Technical Exploration of Human Stress Physiology
General IT...ical movementMindfulness practices9.2 Physiological ResetCold exposureProper sleep cyclesNutrition and hydration9.3 Cognitive TechniquesReframing perceived threatsLogical analysisEmotional regulation10. Practical ApplicationsBu...
...hat Is a Multi-User Data Crash?Simple meaning:✔ Tally stops working properly in multi-user mode✔ Data may not sync correctly✔ Users may get unexpected errorsIt usually affects all users, not just one system.Why Does This Proble...
Laptop Power Adapters Explained: Wattage, Voltage, Current, Polarity, DC Pin Sizes, USB-C PD and Modern High-Voltage Chargers
General IT...cation compatibility where applicable. Quality — use reputable, properly certified equipment. For USB-C charging, verify: USB-PD support + required power profile + cable capability + laptop USB-C charging support. 36. Tra...
Laptop Turns On, Desktop Appears, Then Screen Goes Blank or Freezes with Power Light Still ON – Complete Troubleshooting Guide
Windows...rs on normally. Windows logo appears successfully. Login screen works properly. Desktop loads. Windows Security notification appears. Screen suddenly turns black or freezes. Power LED remains ON. HDD/SSD activity stops. Mouse p...
Why the ChatGPT Desktop App Closes Automatically: Complete Technical Troubleshooting Guide for Windows and macOS
AI & Automation..., most stability issues can be resolved quickly. Regular maintenance, proper update practices, and monitoring system health help ensure a reliable and productive desktop AI experience across both Windows and macOS. #Chat...
Can You Use a Higher Wh Battery in a Laptop? Understanding Watt-Hours, Voltage, Compatibility, Safety, and Battery Upgrades
General IT...acement. 14. Will a Higher Wh Battery Damage the Charger? Normally, a properly compatible higher-capacity battery does not require replacing the charger simply because its Wh rating is higher. The laptop's charging circuitry co...
Laptop Battery Not Charging? Complete Diagnosis and Troubleshooting Guide for Windows 11 and Windows 10
Windows...p using the affected battery and arrange professional replacement and proper disposal. Do not puncture, compress or attempt to repair it. Conclusion A laptop battery that refuses to charge does not necessarily need immediate re...
How to Check CPU Cores and Virtual Processors (vCPUs) Assigned to a Virtual Machine in Windows, VMware, Hyper-V, and VirtualBox
Servers & Hosting...-ComputerInfo | Select CsProcessors Display complete processor properties: Get-CimInstance Win32_Processor | Format-List * Performance Tips Allocate only the required number of vCPUs. Avoid excessive CPU ov...
Essential PowerShell Commands Every Windows System Administrator Should Know for Daily Administration, Troubleshooting, Security, and Maintenance
Windows...computer model, processor, memory, operating system, and other system properties. For a smaller operating-system report: Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem Computer manufacturer and model: Get-CimInstance Win32_ComputerSyste...
How to Calculate Laptop Battery Health Percentage in Windows 10/11 Using Design Capacity and Full Charge Capacity
Windows... the Installed batteries section. You may see information similar to: Property Example Name Internal Battery Manufacturer ABC Chemistry Li-ion Design Capacity 57,500 mWh Full Charge Capacity 46,200 mWh Cycle Count 425 You can t...
Can You Replace an 11.1V Laptop Battery with a 10.8V Battery? Understanding Laptop Battery Voltage, Compatibility, Charging, and Safety
General IT...ill a 10.8V Battery Damage an 11.1V Laptop? If the 10.8V battery is a proper replacement specified for the exact laptop or OEM battery part number, the difference in nominal labeling generally should not be a problem. If it is ...
Can You Use a Higher mAh Battery in a Laptop? Understanding Capacity, Voltage, Wh, Compatibility, and Safety
General IT...as advertised mAh. 11. Will a Higher mAh Battery Damage the Laptop? A properly designed, compatible higher-capacity battery should not damage the laptop merely because it has a higher mAh rating. Consider: Original: 11.4 V, 4,0...
Li-ion vs Li-Po Laptop Batteries: Differences, Advantages, Lifespan, Safety and Which Is Better?
General IT...er. 4. Protection Electronics Are Essential Lithium batteries require proper monitoring and protection against conditions such as: Overcharging Excessive discharge Overcurrent Short circuit Excessive temperature Modern laptop b...
Mouse Not Working for 10–20 Minutes After Windows Startup? Causes, Troubleshooting Steps, and Permanent Solutions
Windows...s loads USB drivers during startup. If USB drivers fail to initialize properly, connected devices may remain unavailable until Windows retries device detection. Possible reasons include: Corrupted USB drivers Incomplete Windows...
How to Use TestDisk to Recover GPT and NTFS Partitions from a RAW External Hard Drive: Complete Step-by-Step Recovery Guide
Backup & Recovery...s Use quality USB enclosures Keep antivirus updated Disconnect drives properly Conclusion TestDisk remains one of the most powerful free partition recovery tools available. In many cases, a RAW external hard drive is suffering ...